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Machine learning is permeating every conceivable domain to promote data-driven decision support. The focus is often on advanced black-box models due to their assumed performance advantages, whereas interpretable models are often associated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Sven Kruschel , Nico Hambauer , Sven Weinzierl , Sandra Zilker , Mathias Kraus , Patrick Zschech

Deployment of machine learning models in real high-risk settings (e.g. healthcare) often depends not only on the model's accuracy but also on its fairness, robustness, and interpretability. Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) are a class of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Chun-Hao Chang , Rich Caruana , Anna Goldenberg

Interpretability of learning-to-rank models is a crucial yet relatively under-examined research area. Recent progress on interpretable ranking models largely focuses on generating post-hoc explanations for existing black-box ranking models,…

Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) are commonly considered *interpretable* within the ML community, as their structure makes the relationship between inputs and outputs relatively understandable. Therefore, it may seem natural to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Shahaf Bassan , Michal Moshkovitz , Guy Katz

Generalized additive models (GAMs) have become a leading modelclass for interpretable machine learning. However, there are many algorithms for training GAMs, and these can learn different or even contradictory models, while being equally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Chun-Hao Chang , Sarah Tan , Ben Lengerich , Anna Goldenberg , Rich Caruana

The number of information systems (IS) studies dealing with explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is currently exploding as the field demands more transparency about the internal decision logic of machine learning (ML) models. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Patrick Zschech , Sven Weinzierl , Nico Hambauer , Sandra Zilker , Mathias Kraus

The lack of interpretability is an inevitable problem when using neural network models in real applications. In this paper, an explainable neural network based on generalized additive models with structured interactions (GAMI-Net) is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-03 Zebin Yang , Aijun Zhang , Agus Sudjianto

Generalized additive models (GAMs) have long been a powerful white-box tool for the intelligible analysis of tabular data, revealing the influence of each feature on the model predictions. Despite the success of neural networks (NNs) in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Guangzhi Xiong , Sanchit Sinha , Aidong Zhang

Due to the widespread use of complex machine learning models in real-world applications, it is becoming critical to explain model predictions. However, these models are typically black-box deep neural networks, explained post-hoc via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Filip Radenovic , Abhimanyu Dubey , Dhruv Mahajan

Nonlinear relationships between covariates and a response variable of interest are frequently encountered in animal science research. Within statistical models, these nonlinear effects have, traditionally, been handled using a range of…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-28 Gavin L. Simpson

A barrier to the wider adoption of neural networks is their lack of interpretability. While local explanation methods exist for one prediction, most global attributions still reduce neural network decisions to a single set of features. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-08 Mark Ibrahim , Melissa Louie , Ceena Modarres , John Paisley

Generalized additive models (GAMs) provide a way to blend parametric and non-parametric (function approximation) techniques together, making them flexible tools suitable for many modeling problems. For instance, GAMs can be used to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-07 Antti Solonen , Stratos Staboulis

Recent strides in interpretable machine learning (ML) research reveal that models exploit undesirable patterns in the data to make predictions, which potentially causes harms in deployment. However, it is unclear how we can fix these…

Generalized additive models (GAMs) are favored in many regression and binary classification problems because they are able to fit complex, nonlinear functions while still remaining interpretable. In the first part of this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Xuezhou Zhang , Sarah Tan , Paul Koch , Yin Lou , Urszula Chajewska , Rich Caruana

While interpretability is crucial for machine learning applications in safety-critical domains and for regulatory compliance, existing tabular foundation models like TabPFN lack transparency. Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) provide the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Andreas Mueller , Julien Siems , Harsha Nori , David Salinas , Arber Zela , Rich Caruana , Frank Hutter

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are powerful black-box predictors that have achieved impressive performance on a wide variety of tasks. However, their accuracy comes at the cost of intelligibility: it is usually unclear how they make their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Rishabh Agarwal , Levi Melnick , Nicholas Frosst , Xuezhou Zhang , Ben Lengerich , Rich Caruana , Geoffrey Hinton

Logistic regression (LR) is widely used in clinical prediction because it is simple to deploy and easy to interpret. Nevertheless, being a linear model, LR has limited expressive capability and often has unsatisfactory performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Zhicheng Cui , Bradley A Fritz , Christopher R King , Michael S Avidan , Yixin Chen

While machine learning methods have significantly improved model performance over traditional methods, their black-box structure makes it difficult for researchers to interpret results. For highly regulated financial industries, model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Dangxing Chen , Weicheng Ye

Graphs are a powerful data structure for representing relational data and are widely used to describe complex real-world systems. Probabilistic Graphical Models (PGMs) and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) can both leverage graph-structured…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-26 Michela Lapenna , Caterina De Bacco

Recent years have seen important advances in the building of interpretable models, machine learning models that are designed to be easily understood by humans. In this work, we show that large language models (LLMs) are remarkably good at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Sebastian Bordt , Ben Lengerich , Harsha Nori , Rich Caruana
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