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Effective information retrieval requires reasoning over partial evidence and refining strategies as information emerges. Yet current approaches fall short: neural retrievers lack reasoning capabilities, large language models (LLMs) provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Supriti Vijay , Aman Priyanshu , Anu Vellore , Baturay Saglam , Amin Karbasi

Leveraging the general world knowledge of Large Language Models (LLMs) holds significant promise for improving the ability of autonomous driving systems to handle rare and complex scenarios. While integrating LLMs into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jing Gu , Niccolò Cavagnero , Gijs Dubbelman

We introduce Orion, a visual agent that integrates vision-based reasoning with tool-augmented execution to achieve powerful, precise, multi-step visual intelligence across images, video, and documents. Unlike traditional vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 N Dinesh Reddy , Dylan Snyder , Lona Kiragu , Mirajul Mohin , Shahrear Bin Amin , Sudeep Pillai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited strong reasoning capabilities and achieved remarkable performance in mathematical problem-solving tasks. Recently, distilling reasoning ability from long-form Chains-of-Thought (CoTs) has emerged…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Zhuoyang Wu , Xinze Li , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Zhiyuan Liu , Minghe Yu , Cheng Yang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu , Maosong Sun

While large language models (LLMs) leverage both knowledge and reasoning during inference, the capacity to distinguish between them plays a pivotal role in model analysis, interpretability, and development. Inspired by dual-system cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Mutian Yang , Jiandong Gao , Ji Wu

Operations research (OR) is widely deployed to solve critical decision-making problems with complex objectives and constraints, impacting manufacturing, logistics, finance, and healthcare outcomes. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Zhiyuan Wang , Bokui Chen , Yinya Huang , Qingxing Cao , Ming He , Jianping Fan , Xiaodan Liang

Training large language models (LLMs) with synthetic reasoning data has become a popular approach to enhancing their reasoning capabilities, while a key factor influencing the effectiveness of this paradigm is the quality of the generated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhuojie Yang , Wentao Wan , Keze Wang

With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), applying large language models (LLMs) to mathematical problem-solving has attracted increasing attention. Most existing approaches attempt to improve Operations Research (OR) optimization…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Bowen Zhang , Pengcheng Luo , Genke Yang , Boon-Hee Soong , Chau Yuen

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their success in question answering, exhibit limitations in complex multi-hop question answering (MQA) tasks that necessitate non-linear, structured reasoning. This limitation stems from their inability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Haonan Bian , Yutao Qi , Rui Yang , Yuanxi Che , Jiaqian Wang , Heming Xia , Ranran Zhen

When solving challenging problems, language models (LMs) are able to identify relevant information from long and complicated contexts. To study how LMs solve retrieval tasks in diverse situations, we introduce ORION, a collection of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Alexandre Variengien , Eric Winsor

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve strong performance in mathematics, code generation, and task planning, but their reliance on long chains of verbose "thinking" tokens leads to high latency, redundancy, and incoherent reasoning paths.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Kumar Tanmay , Kriti Aggarwal , Paul Pu Liang , Subhabrata Mukherjee

Offline evaluation of LLMs is crucial in understanding their capacities, though current methods remain underexplored in existing research. In this work, we focus on the offline evaluation of the chain-of-thought capabilities and show how to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Junda Wu , Xintong Li , Ruoyu Wang , Yu Xia , Yuxin Xiong , Jianing Wang , Tong Yu , Xiang Chen , Branislav Kveton , Lina Yao , Jingbo Shang , Julian McAuley

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable progress, yet their capacity for logical ``slow-thinking'' reasoning persists as a critical research frontier. Current inference scaling paradigms suffer from two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Jinyi Liu , Yan Zheng , Rong Cheng , Qiyu Wu , Wei Guo , Fei Ni , Hebin Liang , Yifu Yuan , Hangyu Mao , Fuzheng Zhang , Jianye Hao

Chain-of-thought has been proven essential for enhancing the complex reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), but it also leads to high computational costs. Recent advances have explored the method to route queries among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Chenyang Shao , Xinyang Liu , Yutang Lin , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Reasoning based on Large Language Models (LLMs) has garnered increasing attention due to outstanding performance of these models in mathematical and complex logical tasks. Beginning with the Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting technique,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yuto Suzuki , Farnoush Banaei-Kashani

Large Language Models (LLMs) for complex reasoning is often hindered by high computational costs and latency, while resource-efficient Small Language Models (SLMs) typically lack the necessary reasoning capacity. Existing collaborative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Chengsong Huang , Tong Zheng , Langlin Huang , Jinyuan Li , Haolin Liu , Jiaxin Huang

In this technical report, we introduce OpenR, an open-source framework designed to integrate key components for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). OpenR unifies data acquisition, reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jun Wang , Meng Fang , Ziyu Wan , Muning Wen , Jiachen Zhu , Anjie Liu , Ziqin Gong , Yan Song , Lei Chen , Lionel M. Ni , Linyi Yang , Ying Wen , Weinan Zhang

Language has long been conceived as an essential tool for human reasoning. The breakthrough of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked significant research interest in leveraging these models to tackle complex reasoning tasks. Researchers…

Recent advancements in Chain-of-Thought prompting have facilitated significant breakthroughs for Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex reasoning tasks. Current research enhances the reasoning performance of LLMs by sampling multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Zhangyue Yin , Qiushi Sun , Qipeng Guo , Zhiyuan Zeng , Xiaonan Li , Tianxiang Sun , Cheng Chang , Qinyuan Cheng , Ding Wang , Xiaofeng Mou , Xipeng Qiu , XuanJing Huang

Recent advances in test-time scaling suggest that Large Language Models (LLMs) can gain better capabilities by generating Chain-of-Thought reasoning (analogous to human thinking) to respond a given request, and meanwhile exploring more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yuhang Wang , Youhe Jiang , Bin Cui , Fangcheng Fu
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