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X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) as the world's brightest light sources provide ultrashort X-ray pulses with a duration typically in the order of femtoseconds. Recently, they have approached and entered the attosecond regime, which holds…
Elastic light scattering has been extensively used to study samples showing a non uniform refraction index on lengthscales from a fraction of a micrometer to a fraction of a millimeter. Typically, a wide laser beam is sent through the…
The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) will deliver 27000 fully coherent, high brilliance X-ray pulses per second each with a duration below 100 fs. This will allow the recording of diffraction patterns of single molecules and the…
A series of MnxZn1-xO (x=0.03, 0.05) nanostructures have been grown via the solution based chemical spray pyrolysis technique. Electron beam induced modifications on structural, linear and nonlinear optical and surface morphological…
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) offer unique capabilities for measuring the structure and dynamics of biomolecules, helping us understand the basic building blocks of life. Notably, high-repetition-rate XFELs enable single particle…
X-ray sources are developing rapidly and their coherent output is growing extremely rapidly. The increased coherent flux from modern X-ray sources is being matched with an associated rapid development in experimental methods. This article…
X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) generate sequences of ultra-short, spatially coherent pulses of x-ray radiation. We propose the diffraction focusing spectrometer (DFS), which is able to measure the whole energy spectrum of the radiation…
A general theoretical approach based on the results of statistical optics is used for the analysis of the transverse coherence properties of 3-rd generation synchrotron sources and x-ray free-electron lasers (XFEL). Correlation properties…
Ultrafast measurement technology provides essential contributions to our microscopic understanding of the properties and functions of solids and nanostructures. Atomic-scale vistas with ever-growing spatial and temporal resolution are…
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy provides unprecedented insight into cellular and subcellular structures. However, going "beyond the diffraction barrier" comes at a price since most far-field super-resolution imaging techniques…
The ability to gain insights into the 3D properties of artificial or biological systems is often critical. However, 3D structures are difficult to retrieve at low dose and with extremely fast processing, as most techniques are based on…
The European XFEL, currently under construction, will produce a coherent X-ray pulse every 222 ns in pulse trains of up to 2700 pulses. In conjunction with the fast 2D area detectors currently under development, it will be possible to…
Modern technology for producing extremely bright and coherent X-ray laser pulses provides the possibility to acquire a large number of diffraction patterns from individual biological nanoparticles, including proteins, viruses, and DNA.…
Nonlinear structured illumination microscopy (nSIM) is an effective approach for super-resolution wide-field fluorescence microscopy with a theoretically unlimited resolution. In nSIM, carefully designed, highly-contrasted illumination…
We present a theoretical investigation of the origin of Raman-like and fluorescencelike (FL) features of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra. Using a combination of local-density approximation + dynamical mean-field theory…
The geometry of a Si$_3$N$_4$ lamellar grating was investigated experimentally with reference-free grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis. While simple layered systems are usually treated with the matrix formalism to determine the…
We use resonant soft X-ray diffraction to track the photo-induced dynamics of the antiferromagnetic structure in a NdNiO$_{3}$ thin film. Femtosecond laser pulses with a photon energy of 0.61 eV, resonant with electron transfer between…
We study the nonlinear QED signature of x-ray vacuum diffraction in the head-on collision of optical high-intensity and x-ray free-electron laser pulses at finite spatio-temporal offsets between the laser foci. The high-intensity laser…
Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (tr-XAS) has been shown to be a versatile measurement technique for investigating non-equilibrium dynamics. Novel X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities like the European XFEL offer increased…
In this work we present a modification to conventional X-rays fluorescence using electrons as excitation source, and compare it with the traditional X-ray excitation for the study of pigments. For this purpose we have constructed a…