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Federated learning is a framework for collaborative machine learning where clients only share gradient updates and not their private data with a server. However, it was recently shown that gradient inversion attacks can reconstruct this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Dimitar I. Dimitrov , Maximilian Baader , Mark Niklas Müller , Martin Vechev

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training by sharing model updates instead of raw data, aiming to protect user privacy. However, recent studies reveal that these shared updates can inadvertently leak sensitive training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zirui Gong , Leo Yu Zhang , Yanjun Zhang , Viet Vo , Tianqing Zhu , Shirui Pan , Cong Wang

Federated learning has emerged as a prominent privacy-preserving technique for leveraging large-scale distributed datasets by sharing gradients instead of raw data. However, recent studies indicate that private training data can still be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Tamer Ahmed Eltaras , Qutaibah Malluhi , Alessandro Savino , Stefano Di Carlo , Adnan Qayyum

Gradient inversion attacks are often presented as a serious privacy threat in federated learning, with recent work reporting increasingly strong reconstructions under favorable experimental settings. However, it remains unclear whether such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Viktor Valadi , Mattias Åkesson , Johan Östman , Fazeleh Hoseini , Salman Toor , Andreas Hellander

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a privacy-preserving machine learning approach where multiple parties share gradient information rather than original user data. Recent work has demonstrated that gradient inversion attacks can exploit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Jin Qian , Kaimin Wei , Yongdong Wu , Jilian Zhang , Jipeng Chen , Huan Bao

Gradient inversion attack enables recovery of training samples from model gradients in federated learning (FL), and constitutes a serious threat to data privacy. To mitigate this vulnerability, prior work proposed both principled defenses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Ruihan Wu , Xiangyu Chen , Chuan Guo , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Recent works have advanced feedback-based learning systems, whereby a foundation model is able to intake incoming feedback (e.g., a user) to self-improve, creating a self-loop system of training. However, existing works are limited in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Seohyun Lee , Wenzhi Fang , Dong-Jun Han , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour , Christopher G. Brinton

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple data-owners to collaboratively train machine learning models by exchanging local gradients, while keeping their private data on-device. To simultaneously enhance privacy and training efficiency,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-06 Hasin Us Sami , Swapneel Sen , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , Srikanth V. Krishnamurthy , Basak Guler

The increasing need for sharing healthcare data and collaborating on clinical research has raised privacy concerns. Health information leakage due to malicious attacks can lead to serious problems such as misdiagnoses and patient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Shiyi Jiang , Farshad Firouzi , Krishnendu Chakrabarty

Gradient inversion attack (or input recovery from gradient) is an emerging threat to the security and privacy preservation of Federated learning, whereby malicious eavesdroppers or participants in the protocol can recover (partially) the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Yangsibo Huang , Samyak Gupta , Zhao Song , Kai Li , Sanjeev Arora

Federated learning (FL) allows the collaborative training of AI models without needing to share raw data. This capability makes it especially interesting for healthcare applications where patient and data privacy is of utmost concern.…

Malicious server (MS) attacks have enabled the scaling of data stealing in federated learning to large batch sizes and secure aggregation, settings previously considered private. However, many concerns regarding the client-side…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Kostadin Garov , Dimitar I. Dimitrov , Nikola Jovanović , Martin Vechev

Federated learning has quickly gained popularity with its promises of increased user privacy and efficiency. Previous works have shown that federated gradient updates contain information that can be used to approximately recover user data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Liam Fowl , Jonas Geiping , Wojtek Czaja , Micah Goldblum , Tom Goldstein

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a machine learning approach able to preserve the privacy of user's data. Applying FL, clients train machine learning models on a local dataset and a central server aggregates the learned parameters…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Luiz Leite , Yuri Santo , Bruno L. Dalmazo , André Riker

Federated Learning is a machine learning setting that reduces direct data exposure, improving the privacy guarantees of machine learning models. Yet, the exchange of model updates between the participants and the aggregator can still leak…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Pablo Montaña-Fernández , Ines Ortega-Fernandez

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm that enhances users privacy by eliminating the need for clients to share raw, private data with the server. Despite the success, recent studies expose the vulnerability of FL to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Jing Wu , Munawar Hayat , Mingyi Zhou , Mehrtash Harandi

The gradient inversion attack has been demonstrated as a significant privacy threat to federated learning (FL), particularly in continuous domains such as vision models. In contrast, it is often considered less effective or highly dependent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Xinguo Feng , Zhongkui Ma , Zihan Wang , Eu Joe Chegne , Mengyao Ma , Alsharif Abuadbba , Guangdong Bai

In the effort to learn from extensive collections of distributed data, federated learning has emerged as a promising approach for preserving privacy by using a gradient-sharing mechanism instead of exchanging raw data. However, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Tamer Ahmed Eltaras , Qutaibah Malluhi , Alessandro Savino , Stefano Di Carlo , Adnan Qayyum , Junaid Qadir

Federated learning has been proposed as a privacy-preserving machine learning framework that enables multiple clients to collaborate without sharing raw data. However, client privacy protection is not guaranteed by design in this framework.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Kai Yue , Richeng Jin , Chau-Wai Wong , Dror Baron , Huaiyu Dai

Split Learning (SL) has emerged as a practical and efficient alternative to traditional federated learning. While previous attempts to attack SL have often relied on overly strong assumptions or targeted easily exploitable models, we seek…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xiaochen Zhu , Xinjian Luo , Yuncheng Wu , Yangfan Jiang , Xiaokui Xiao , Beng Chin Ooi
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