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Intelligent metasurfaces may be harnessed for realizing efficient holographic multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems, at a low hardware-cost and high energy-efficiency. As part of this family, we propose a hybrid beamforming…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Qingchao Li , Mohammed El-Hajjar , Chao Xu , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen , Lajos Hanzo

Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) extends the concept of single-layer reconfigurable holographic surfaces (RHS) by incorporating a multi-layered structure, thereby providing enhanced control over electromagnetic wave propagation and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-24 Junjie Fang , Chao Zhang , Jiancheng An , Hongwen Yu , Qingqing Wu , Mérouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) represents an advanced signal processing paradigm that enables over-the-air processing of electromagnetic waves at the speed of light. Its multi-layer structure exhibits customizable increased…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-15 Hao Liu , Jiancheng An , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , George C. Alexandropoulos , Lu Gan

Flexible intelligent metasurface (FIM) has recently received considerable interest due to its advantage in realizing a better channel condition by dynamically morphing its surface shape. An FIM consists of multiple elements deposited on a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Jinyue Jiang , Jiancheng An , Lu Gan , Naofal Al-Dhahir , Arumugam Nallanathan , Zhu Han

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces have emerged as a cutting-edge technology for next-generation wireless communications that are capable of reconfiguring the wireless environment using a large number of cost-effective reflecting elements.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Ahmed M. Benaya , Ali A. Nasir , Khaled M. Rabie , Daniel B. da Costa

Leveraging the multilayer realization of programmable metasurfaces, stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) enable fine-grained wave-domain control. However, their wideband deployment is impeded by two structural factors: (i) a single,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Zheao Li , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen

This paper proposes a novel liquid intelligent metasurface (LIM)-assisted downlink multi-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) system, wherein both the base station (BS) and the metasurface are respectively equipped with fluid antennas…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Li-Hsiang Shen

Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) is an emerging design that consists of multiple layers of metasurfaces. A SIM enables holographic multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO) precoding in the wave domain, which results in the reduction of…

Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM), which consists of multiple layers of intelligent metasurfaces, is emerging as a promising solution for future wireless communication systems. In this timely context, we focus on broadcast…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Nemanja Stefan Perović , Eduard E. Bahingayi , Le-Nam Tran

In this paper, we explore the integration of low-power, low-cost stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) into cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems to enhance access point (AP) capabilities and address high…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Enyu Shi , Jiayi Zhang , Yiyang Zhu , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen , Bo Ai

Large-scale multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems are capable of achieving high date rate. However, given the high hardware cost and excessive power consumption of massive MIMO systems, as a remedy, intelligent metasurfaces have…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Qingchao Li , Mohammed El-Hajjar , Chao Xu , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen , Lajos Hanzo

To improve the efficiency of scarce radio-frequency (RF) resources in next-generation wireless systems, an intelligent transceiver architecture based on stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) has recently emerged, where multiple…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Muhammad Ibrahim , Amine Mezghani , Ekram Hossain

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) enable programmable control of wireless propagation. Beyond environmental deployments, integrating metasurfaces at the antenna front end allows direct manipulation of the radiated electromagnetic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-09 Chandan Kumar Sheemar , Wali Ullah Khan , Sourabh Solanki , George C. Alexandropoulos , Symeon Chatzinotas

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems rely on digital or hybrid digital and analog designs for beamforming against frequency-selective fading, which suffer from high hardware…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Zheao Li , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) have recently emerged as a promising technology, which can realize transmit precoding in the wave domain. In this paper, we investigate a SIM-aided integrated sensing and communications system, in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Haoxian Niu , Jiancheng An , Anastasios Papazafeiropoulos , Lu Gan , Symeon Chatzinotas , Mérouane Debbah

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) is a revolutionary technology, which can outperform its single-layer counterparts by performing advanced signal processing relying on wave propagation. In this work, we exploit SIM to enable transmit…

Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) is an emerging programmable metasurface architecture that can implement signal processing directly in the electromagnetic wave domain, thereby enabling efficient implementation of ultra-massive…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Qurrat-Ul-Ain Nadeem , Jiancheng An , Anas Chaaban

Emerging technologies, such as holographic multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO) and stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM), are driving the development of wireless communication systems. Specifically, the SIM is physically constructed by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Xianghao Yao , Jiancheng An , Lu Gan , Marco Di Renzo , Chau Yuen

The sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks are expected to deliver ubiquitous connectivity, resilient coverage, and intelligence-driven services in highly dynamic environments. To achieve these goals, distributed wireless architectures…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Enyu Shi , Jiayi Zhang , Zhilong Liu , Ziheng Liu , Arumugam Nallanathan , Merouane Debbah , Shi Jin , Bo Ai

We investigate the achievable rate (AR) of a stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM)-aided holographic multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO) system by jointly optimizing the SIM phase shifts and power allocation. Contrary to earlier studies…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-14 Eduard E. Bahingayi , Nemanja Stefan Perović , Le-Nam Tran