English
Related papers

Related papers: BMGQ: A Bottom-up Method for Generating Complex Mu…

200 papers

Real-world use cases often present RAG systems with complex queries for which relevant information is missing from the corpus or is incomplete. In these settings, RAG systems must be able to reject unanswerable, out-of-scope queries and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Gabrielle Kaili-May Liu , Bryan Li , Arman Cohan , William Gantt Walden , Eugene Yang

Understanding complex biomolecular mechanisms requires multi-step reasoning across molecular interactions, signaling cascades, and metabolic pathways. While large language models(LLMs) show promise in such tasks, their application to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Tianwen Lyu , Xiang Zhuang , Keyan Ding , Xinzhe Cao , Lei Liang , Wei Zhao , Qiang Zhang , Huajun Chen

Improving the mathematical reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) is critical for advancing artificial intelligence. However, access to extensive, diverse, and high-quality reasoning datasets remains a significant challenge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yuyang Ding , Xinyu Shi , Xiaobo Liang , Juntao Li , Zhaopeng Tu , Qiaoming Zhu , Min Zhang

Multi-hop question generation (MQG) aims to generate complex questions which require reasoning over multiple pieces of information of the input passage. Most existing work on MQG has focused on exploring graph-based networks to equip the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Dan Su , Peng Xu , Pascale Fung

Generating high-quality MCQs, especially those targeting diverse cognitive levels and incorporating common misconceptions into distractor design, is time-consuming and expertise-intensive, making manual creation impractical at scale.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Nicy Scaria , Silvester John Joseph Kennedy , Diksha Seth , Ananya Thakur , Deepak Subramani

Multi-hop Question Answering (MHQA) aims to answer questions that require multi-step reasoning. It presents two key challenges: generating correct reasoning paths in response to the complex user queries, and accurately retrieving essential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuqing Fu , Yimin Deng , Wanyu Wang , Yuhao Wang , Yejing Wang , Hongshi Liu , Yiqi Wang , Xiao Han , Maolin Wang , Guoshuai Zhao , Yi Chang , Xiangyu Zhao

In Textual question answering (TQA) systems, complex questions often require retrieving multiple textual fact chains with multiple reasoning steps. While existing benchmarks are limited to single-chain or single-hop retrieval scenarios. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Minjun Zhu , Yixuan Weng , Shizhu He , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires systems to iteratively retrieve evidence and reason across multiple hops. While recent RAG and agentic methods report strong results, the underlying retrieval--reasoning \emph{process} is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yuelyu Ji , Zhuochun Li , Rui Meng , Daqing He

Reinforcement learning has recently shown promise in improving retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). Despite these advances, its effectiveness in multi-hop question answering (QA) remains limited by two fundamental limitations: (i) global…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jinchang Luo , Mingquan Cheng , Fan Wan , Ni Li , Xiaoling Xia , Shuangshuang Tian , Tingcheng Bian , Haiwei Wang , Haohuan Fu , Yan Tao

Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) is a crucial task in natural language processing that requires reasoning over knowledge graphs (KGs) to answer natural language questions. Recent methods utilizing large language models (LLMs) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xiujun Zhou , Pingjian Zhang , Deyou Tang

Asking questions from natural language text has attracted increasing attention recently, and several schemes have been proposed with promising results by asking the right question words and copy relevant words from the input to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Xiyao Ma , Qile Zhu , Yanlin Zhou , Xiaolin Li , Dapeng Wu

Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires a model to retrieve and integrate information from different parts of a long text to answer a question. Humans answer this kind of complex questions via a divide-and-conquer approach. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Yixuan Tang , Hwee Tou Ng , Anthony K. H. Tung

Multimodal Retrieval Augmented Generation (MMRAG) is a powerful approach to question-answering over multimodal documents. A key challenge with evaluating MMRAG is the paucity of high-quality datasets matching the question styles and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Ian Wu , Sravan Jayanthi , Vijay Viswanathan , Simon Rosenberg , Sina Pakazad , Tongshuang Wu , Graham Neubig

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities. Nevertheless, they still suffer from factual errors when tackling knowledge-intensive tasks. Retrieval-augmented reasoning represents a promising approach.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Zheng Chu , Jingchang Chen , Qianglong Chen , Haotian Wang , Kun Zhu , Xiyuan Du , Weijiang Yu , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

Multi-hop question answering (MQA) is one of the challenging tasks to evaluate machine's comprehension and reasoning abilities, where large language models (LLMs) have widely achieved the human-comparable performance. Due to the dynamics of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Hengrui Gu , Kaixiong Zhou , Xiaotian Han , Ninghao Liu , Ruobing Wang , Xin Wang

The task of Question Generation over Knowledge Bases (KBQG) aims to convert a logical form into a natural language question. For the sake of expensive cost of large-scale question annotation, the methods of KBQG under low-resource scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yuanyuan Liang , Jianing Wang , Hanlun Zhu , Lei Wang , Weining Qian , Yunshi Lan

Text-based Question Generation (QG) aims at generating natural and relevant questions that can be answered by a given answer in some context. Existing QG models suffer from a "semantic drift" problem, i.e., the semantics of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Shiyue Zhang , Mohit Bansal

Multi-hop Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) aims to find the answer entities that are multiple hops away in the Knowledge Base (KB) from the entities in the question. A major challenge is the lack of supervision signals at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Gaole He , Yunshi Lan , Jing Jiang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

In response to the increasing use of interactive artificial intelligence, the demand for the capacity to handle complex questions has increased. Multi-hop question generation aims to generate complex questions that requires multi-step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Seonjeong Hwang , Yunsu Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee

Multi-Hop Question Answering (MHQA) tasks permeate real-world applications, posing challenges in orchestrating multi-step reasoning across diverse knowledge domains. While existing approaches have been improved with iterative retrieval,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Rong Cheng , Jinyi Liu , Yan Zheng , Fei Ni , Jiazhen Du , Hangyu Mao , Fuzheng Zhang , Bo Wang , Jianye Hao