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Training large language models (LLMs) for complex reasoning via Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is effective but limited by reliance on costly, domain-specific supervision. We explore Reinforcement Learning from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xuandong Zhao , Zhewei Kang , Aosong Feng , Sergey Levine , Dawn Song

Autonomous driving has achieved significant progress in recent years, but autonomous cars are still unable to tackle high-risk situations where a potential accident is likely. In such near-accident scenarios, even a minor change in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Zhangjie Cao , Erdem Bıyık , Woodrow Z. Wang , Allan Raventos , Adrien Gaidon , Guy Rosman , Dorsa Sadigh

Conventional end-to-end autonomous driving methods often rely on explicit global scene representations, which typically consist of 3D object detection, online mapping, and motion prediction. In contrast, human drivers selectively attend to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ruiqi Song , Xianda Guo , Yanlun Peng , Qinggong Wei , Hangbin Wu , Long Chen

The classical method of autonomous racing uses real-time localisation to follow a precalculated optimal trajectory. In contrast, end-to-end deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can train agents to race using only raw LiDAR scans. While…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Benjamin David Evans , Herman Arnold Engelbrecht , Hendrik Willem Jordaan

Training and deploying reinforcement learning (RL) policies for robots, especially in accomplishing specific tasks, presents substantial challenges. Recent advancements have explored diverse reward function designs, training techniques,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yifei Yao , Wentao He , Chenyu Gu , Jiaheng Du , Fuwei Tan , Zhen Zhu , Junguo Lu

Conventional trajectory planning approaches for autonomous racing are based on the sequential execution of prediction of the opposing vehicles and subsequent trajectory planning for the ego vehicle. If the opposing vehicles do not react to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Levent Ögretmen , Mo Chen , Phillip Pitschi , Boris Lohmann

End-to-end autonomous driving offers a streamlined alternative to the traditional modular pipeline, integrating perception, prediction, and planning within a single framework. While Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has recently gained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Siyi Lu , Lei He , Shengbo Eben Li , Yugong Luo , Jianqiang Wang , Keqiang Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with mathematical reasoning tasks requiring precise, verifiable computation. While Reinforcement Learning (RL) from outcome-based rewards enhances text-based reasoning, understanding how agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Xinji Mai , Haotian Xu , Zhong-Zhi Li , Xing W , Weinong Wang , Jian Hu , Yingying Zhang , Wenqiang Zhang

We present ZSL-RPPO, an improved zero-shot learning architecture that overcomes the limitations of teacher-student neural networks and enables generating robust, reliable, and versatile locomotion for quadrupedal robots in challenging…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Yao Zhao , Tao Wu , Yijie Zhu , Xiang Lu , Jun Wang , Haitham Bou-Ammar , Xinyu Zhang , Peng Du

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been demonstrated to be effective for several complex decision-making applications such as autonomous driving and robotics. However, DRL is notoriously limited by its high sample complexity and its lack…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Raphael Chekroun , Marin Toromanoff , Sascha Hornauer , Fabien Moutarde

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities in machine translation (MT). However, most advanced MT-specific LLMs heavily rely on external supervision signals during training, such as human-annotated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Wenjie Yang , Mao Zheng , Mingyang Song , Zheng Li , Sitong Wang

The high emission and low energy efficiency caused by internal combustion engines (ICE) have become unacceptable under environmental regulations and the energy crisis. As a promising alternative solution, multi-power source electric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Jincheng Hu , Yang Lin , Liang Chu , Zhuoran Hou , Jihan Li , Jingjing Jiang , Yuanjian Zhang

Real-time path planning in constrained environments remains a fundamental challenge for autonomous systems. Traditional classical planners, while effective under perfect perception assumptions, are often sensitive to real-world perception…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Feng Tao , Luca Paparusso , Chenyi Gu , Robin Koehler , Chenxu Wu , Xinyu Huang , Christian Juette , David Paz , Ren Liu

End-to-end autonomous driving has emerged as a promising paradigm for directly mapping sensor inputs to planning maneuvers using learning-based modular integrations. However, existing imitation learning (IL)-based models suffer from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Haochen Liu , Tianyu Li , Haohan Yang , Li Chen , Caojun Wang , Ke Guo , Haochen Tian , Hongchen Li , Hongyang Li , Chen Lv

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms can solve challenging control problems directly from image observations, but they often require millions of environment interactions to do so. Recently, model-based RL algorithms have greatly improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yifan Xu , Nicklas Hansen , Zirui Wang , Yung-Chieh Chan , Hao Su , Zhuowen Tu

Autonomous car racing is a challenging task in the robotic control area. Traditional modular methods require accurate mapping, localization and planning, which makes them computationally inefficient and sensitive to environmental changes.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Peide Cai , Hengli Wang , Huaiyang Huang , Yuxuan Liu , Ming Liu

As the demand for mobile robots continues to increase, social navigation has emerged as a critical task, driving active research into deep reinforcement learning (RL) approaches. However, because pedestrian dynamics and social conventions…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Haruto Nagahisa , Kohei Matsumoto , Yuki Tomita , Yuki Hyodo , Ryo Kurazume

Fully autonomous vehicles promise enhanced safety and efficiency. However, ensuring reliable operation in challenging corner cases requires control algorithms capable of performing at the vehicle limits. We address this requirement by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Grzegorz Czechmanowski , Jan Węgrzynowski , Piotr Kicki , Krzysztof Walas

In recent years, the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has shown tremendous potential in diverse areas. Among them, reinforcement learning (RL) has proven to be an effective solution for learning intelligent control strategies. As…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Xinyang Wu , Elisabeth Wedernikow , Christof Nitsche , Marco F. Huber

We introduce ToRL (Tool-Integrated Reinforcement Learning), a framework for training large language models (LLMs) to autonomously use computational tools via reinforcement learning. Unlike supervised fine-tuning, ToRL allows models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Xuefeng Li , Haoyang Zou , Pengfei Liu