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Large pre-trained models are commonly adapted to downstream tasks using parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), which injects small trainable low-rank matrices instead of updating all weights. While LoRA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nurbek Tastan , Stefanos Laskaridis , Martin Takac , Karthik Nandakumar , Samuel Horvath

Quantization is a powerful tool to improve large language model (LLM) inference efficiency by utilizing more energy-efficient low-precision datapaths and reducing memory footprint. However, accurately quantizing LLM weights and activations…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Coleman Hooper , Charbel Sakr , Ben Keller , Rangharajan Venkatesan , Kurt Keutzer , Sophia Shao , Brucek Khailany

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with parameter-efficient techniques such as LoRA and QLoRA has enabled adaptation of foundation models on modest hardware. Yet the efficiency of such training on consumer-grade GPUs, especially under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 MSR Avinash

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) methods have gained popularity in efficient parameter fine-tuning of models containing hundreds of billions of parameters. In this work, instead, we demonstrate the application of LoRA methods to train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Lucas Grativol Ribeiro , Mathieu Leonardon , Guillaume Muller , Virginie Fresse , Matthieu Arzel

Weight-Decomposed Low-Rank Adaptation (DoRA) extends LoRA by decoupling weight magnitude from direction, but its forward pass requires the row-wise norm of W + sBA, a computation that every major framework we surveyed implements by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Alexandra Zelenin , Alexandra Zhuravlyova

Training large Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models remains computationally prohibitive due to their extreme compute and memory demands. Although low-precision training promises to accelerate computation and reduce memory footprint, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Fengjuan Wang , Zhiyi Su , Xingzhu Hu , Cheng Wang , Mou Sun

We present a novel Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method, dubbed as Adaptive Freezing of Low Rank Adaptation (AFLoRA). Specifically, for each pre-trained frozen weight tensor, we add a parallel path of trainable low-rank matrices,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Zeyu Liu , Souvik Kundu , Anni Li , Junrui Wan , Lianghao Jiang , Peter Anthony Beerel

As FMs drive progress toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), fine-tuning them under privacy and resource constraints has become increasingly critical particularly when highquality training data resides on distributed edge devices.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Gang Hu , Yinglei Teng , Pengfei Wu , Nan Wang

Language Models (LLMs) are often quantized to lower precision to reduce the memory cost and latency in inference. However, quantization often degrades model performance, thus fine-tuning is required for various down-stream tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jiajun Zhou , Yifan Yang , Kai Zhen , Ziyue Liu , Yequan Zhao , Ershad Banijamali , Athanasios Mouchtaris , Ngai Wong , Zheng Zhang

Neural network quantization is widely used to reduce model inference complexity in real-world deployments. However, traditional integer quantization suffers from accuracy degradation when adapting to various dynamic ranges. Recent research…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Zhuoyi Zhang , Yunchen Zhang , Gonglei Shi , Yu Shen , Ruihao Gong , Xiaoxu Xia , Qi Zhang , Lewei Lu , Xianglong Liu

In contrast to the classical optimization process required by the quantum approximate optimization algorithm, FALQON, a feedback-based algorithm for quantum optimization [A. B. Magann {\it et al.,} {\color{blue}Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf129},…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-12 S. X. Li , W. L. Mu , J. B. You , X. Q. Shao

Nowadays, AI researchers become more and more interested in fine-tuning a pre-trained LLM, whose size has grown to up to over 100B parameters, for their downstream tasks. One approach to fine-tune such huge models is to aggregate device…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Changyue Liao , Mo Sun , Zihan Yang , Jun Xie , Kaiqi Chen , Binhang Yuan , Fei Wu , Zeke Wang

Large language models (LLMs), with their billions of parameters, pose substantial challenges for deployment on edge devices, straining both memory capacity and computational resources. Block Floating Point (BFP) quantisation reduces memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Xiaomeng Han , Yuan Cheng , Jing Wang , Junyang Lu , Hui Wang , X. x. Zhang , Ning Xu , Dawei Yang , Zhe Jiang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is increasingly costly as models scale to hundreds of billions of parameters, and even parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods like LoRA remain resource-intensive. We introduce LowRA, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Zikai Zhou , Qizheng Zhang , Hermann Kumbong , Kunle Olukotun

We study the computational limits of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) for finetuning transformer-based models using fine-grained complexity theory. Our key observation is that the existence of low-rank decompositions within the gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Maojiang Su , En-Jui Kuo , Zhao Song , Han Liu

Self-supervised representation learning for point cloud has demonstrated effectiveness in improving pre-trained model performance across diverse tasks. However, as pre-trained models grow in complexity, fully fine-tuning them for downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Song Wang , Xiaolu Liu , Lingdong Kong , Jianyun Xu , Chunyong Hu , Gongfan Fang , Wentong Li , Jianke Zhu , Xinchao Wang

Federated fine-tuning (FedFT) has been proposed to fine-tune the pre-trained language models in a distributed manner. However, there are two critical challenges for efficient FedFT in practical applications, i.e., resource constraints and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jun Liu , Yunming Liao , Hongli Xu , Yang Xu , Jianchun Liu , Chen Qian

The rapid development of large language models (LLM) has greatly enhanced everyday applications. While many FPGA-based accelerators, with flexibility for fine-grained data control, exhibit superior speed and energy efficiency compared to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zifan He , Shengyu Ye , Rui Ma , Yang Wang , Jason Cong

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices is increasingly important, as it eliminates reliance on network connections, reduces expensive API calls, and enhances user privacy. However, on-device deployment is challenging due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yijiang Liu , Hengyu Fang , Liulu He , Rongyu Zhang , Yichuan Bai , Yuan Du , Li Du

Quantization is a key method for reducing the GPU memory requirement of training large language models (LLMs). Yet, current approaches are ineffective for 4-bit activations and 8-bit gradients, which would easily cause slow convergence or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenxiang Lin , Juntao Huang , Luhan Zhang , Laili Li , Xiang Bao , Mengyang Zhang , Bing Wang , Shaohuai Shi
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