English
Related papers

Related papers: Beyond the Failures: Rethinking Foundation Models …

200 papers

Foundation models have substantially advanced computational pathology by learning transferable visual representations from large histological datasets, yet their performance varies widely across tasks due to differences in training data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Wenhui Lei , Yusheng Tan , Anqi Li , Hanyu Chen , Hengrui Tian , Ruiying Li , Zhengqun Jiang , Fang Yan , Xiaofan Zhang , Shaoting Zhang

This tutorial covers biomedical image reconstruction, from the foundational concepts of system modeling and direct reconstruction to modern sparsity and learning-based approaches. Imaging is a critical tool in biological research and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-12 Michael T. McCann , Michael Unser

The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in pathology has evolved from aiding diagnostics to uncovering predictive morphological patterns in whole slide images (WSIs). Recently, foundation models (FMs) leveraging self-supervised…

Concept-based Models are a class of inherently explainable networks that improve upon standard Deep Neural Networks by providing a rationale behind their predictions using human-understandable `concepts'. With these models being highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Sanchit Sinha , Aidong Zhang

Reliable predictions from systems biology models require knowing whether parameters can be estimated from available data, and with what certainty. Identifiability analysis reveals whether parameters are learnable in principle (structural…

Foundation models (FMs), large neural networks pretrained on extensive and diverse datasets, have revolutionized artificial intelligence and shown significant promise in medical imaging by enabling robust performance with limited labeled…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Salah Ghamizi , Georgia Kanli , Yu Deng , Magali Perquin , Olivier Keunen

Medical imaging is an invaluable resource in medicine as it enables to peer inside the human body and provides scientists and physicians with a wealth of information indispensable for understanding, modelling, diagnosis, and treatment of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-25 Hanene Ben Yedder , Ben Cardoen , Ghassan Hamarneh

Phantoms are test objects used for initial testing and optimization of medical imaging techniques, but these rarely capture the complex properties of the tissue. Here we introduce super phantoms, that surpass standard phantoms being able to…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-04-09 Srirang Manohar , Ioannis Sechopoulos , Mark A. Anastasio , Lena Maier-Hein , Rajiv , Gupta

To handle the large scale of whole slide images in computational pathology, most approaches first tessellate the images into smaller patches, extract features from these patches, and finally aggregate the feature vectors with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Benedikt Roth , Valentin Koch , Sophia J. Wagner , Julia A. Schnabel , Carsten Marr , Tingying Peng

The success of precision medicine requires computational models that can effectively process and interpret diverse physiological signals across heterogeneous patient populations. While foundation models have demonstrated remarkable transfer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Matthias Christenson , Cove Geary , Brian Locke , Pranav Koirala , Warren Woodrich Pettine

Following its success for vision and text, the "foundation model" (FM) paradigm -- pretraining large models on massive data, then fine-tuning on target tasks -- has rapidly expanded to domains in the sciences, engineering, healthcare, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Zongzhe Xu , Ritvik Gupta , Wenduo Cheng , Alexander Shen , Junhong Shen , Ameet Talwalkar , Mikhail Khodak

Biomedical Foundation Models (FMs) are rapidly transforming AI-enabled healthcare research and entering clinical validation. However, their susceptibility to learning non-biological technical features -- including variations in…

Pathology images are crucial for diagnosing and managing various diseases by visualizing cellular and tissue-level abnormalities. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly multimodal models like ChatGPT, have shown…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Mianxin Liu , Jianfeng Wu , Fang Yan , Hongjun Li , Wei Wang , Shaoting Zhang , Zhe Wang

Accurate segmentation of carotid artery structures in histopathological images is vital for cardiovascular disease research. This study systematically evaluates ten deep learning segmentation models including classical architectures, modern…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Phongsakon Mark Konrad , Andrei-Alexandru Popa , Yaser Sabzehmeidani , Liang Zhong , Madhulika Tripathy , Andrei Constantinescu , Elisa A. Liehn , Serkan Ayvaz

The capacity to precisely edit genomes has outpaced our ability to predict the consequences. A cell can be genetically perfect and therapeutically useless: edited exactly as intended, yet unstable, drifting toward unintended fates, or…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-28 Prashant C. Raju

The computer-aided detection (CADe) systems are developed to assist pathologists in slide assessment, increasing diagnosis efficiency and reducing missing inspections. Many studies have shown such a CADe system with deep learning approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Wei-Wen Hsu , Chung-Hao Chen , Chang Hoa , Yu-Ling Hou , Xiang Gao , Yun Shao , Xueli Zhang , Jingjing Wang , Tao He , Yanghong Tai

While the importance of automatic image analysis is continuously increasing, recent meta-research revealed major flaws with respect to algorithm validation. Performance metrics are particularly key for meaningful, objective, and transparent…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-08 Annika Reinke , Minu D. Tizabi , Carole H. Sudre , Matthias Eisenmann , Tim Rädsch , Michael Baumgartner , Laura Acion , Michela Antonelli , Tal Arbel , Spyridon Bakas , Peter Bankhead , Arriel Benis , Matthew Blaschko , Florian Buettner , M. Jorge Cardoso , Jianxu Chen , Veronika Cheplygina , Evangelia Christodoulou , Beth Cimini , Gary S. Collins , Sandy Engelhardt , Keyvan Farahani , Luciana Ferrer , Adrian Galdran , Bram van Ginneken , Ben Glocker , Patrick Godau , Robert Haase , Fred Hamprecht , Daniel A. Hashimoto , Doreen Heckmann-Nötzel , Peter Hirsch , Michael M. Hoffman , Merel Huisman , Fabian Isensee , Pierre Jannin , Charles E. Kahn , Dagmar Kainmueller , Bernhard Kainz , Alexandros Karargyris , Alan Karthikesalingam , A. Emre Kavur , Hannes Kenngott , Jens Kleesiek , Andreas Kleppe , Sven Kohler , Florian Kofler , Annette Kopp-Schneider , Thijs Kooi , Michal Kozubek , Anna Kreshuk , Tahsin Kurc , Bennett A. Landman , Geert Litjens , Amin Madani , Klaus Maier-Hein , Anne L. Martel , Peter Mattson , Erik Meijering , Bjoern Menze , David Moher , Karel G. M. Moons , Henning Müller , Brennan Nichyporuk , Felix Nickel , M. Alican Noyan , Jens Petersen , Gorkem Polat , Susanne M. Rafelski , Nasir Rajpoot , Mauricio Reyes , Nicola Rieke , Michael Riegler , Hassan Rivaz , Julio Saez-Rodriguez , Clara I. Sánchez , Julien Schroeter , Anindo Saha , M. Alper Selver , Lalith Sharan , Shravya Shetty , Maarten van Smeden , Bram Stieltjes , Ronald M. Summers , Abdel A. Taha , Aleksei Tiulpin , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris , Ben Van Calster , Gaël Varoquaux , Manuel Wiesenfarth , Ziv R. Yaniv , Paul Jäger , Lena Maier-Hein

Aberrations limit optical systems in many situations, for example when imaging in biological tissue. Machine learning offers novel ways to improve imaging under such conditions by learning inverse models of aberrations. Learning requires…

Optics · Physics 2021-04-30 Ivan Vishniakou , Johannes D. Seelig

Foundation models, often pre-trained with large-scale data, have achieved paramount success in jump-starting various vision and language applications. Recent advances further enable adapting foundation models in downstream tasks efficiently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Dequan Wang , Xiaosong Wang , Lilong Wang , Mengzhang Li , Qian Da , Xiaoqiang Liu , Xiangyu Gao , Jun Shen , Junjun He , Tian Shen , Qi Duan , Jie Zhao , Kang Li , Yu Qiao , Shaoting Zhang