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Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents offer cross-platform solutions for automating complex digital tasks, with significant potential to transform productivity workflows. However, their performance is often constrained by the scarcity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Junlei Zhang , Zichen Ding , Chang Ma , Zijie Chen , Qiushi Sun , Zhenzhong Lan , Junxian He

While recent advances in deep reinforcement learning have allowed autonomous learning agents to succeed at a variety of complex tasks, existing algorithms generally require a lot of training data. One way to increase the speed at which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Garrett Warnell , Nicholas Waytowich , Vernon Lawhern , Peter Stone

To achieve general intelligence, agents must learn how to interact with others in a shared environment: this is the challenge of multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL). The simplest form is independent reinforcement learning (InRL), where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Marc Lanctot , Vinicius Zambaldi , Audrunas Gruslys , Angeliki Lazaridou , Karl Tuyls , Julien Perolat , David Silver , Thore Graepel

Building autonomous agents that perceive and operate graphical user interfaces (GUIs) like humans has long been a vision in the field of artificial intelligence. Central to these agents is the capability for GUI interaction, which involves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Hongxin Li , Jingran Su , Jingfan Chen , Zheng Ju , Yuntao Chen , Qing Li , Zhaoxiang Zhang

A long-standing goal of reinforcement learning is to acquire agents that can learn on training tasks and generalize well on unseen tasks that may share a similar dynamic but with different reward functions. The ability to generalize across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Chengyang Ying , Xinning Zhou , Zhongkai Hao , Hang Su , Songming Liu , Dong Yan , Jun Zhu

Scaling issues are mundane yet irritating for practitioners of reinforcement learning. Error scales vary across domains, tasks, and stages of learning; sometimes by many orders of magnitude. This can be detrimental to learning speed and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Tom Schaul , Georg Ostrovski , Iurii Kemaev , Diana Borsa

This paper introduces Gamified Adversarial Prompting (GAP), a framework that crowd-sources high-quality data for visual instruction tuning of large multimodal models. GAP transforms the data collection process into an engaging game,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Shashank Yadav , Rohan Tomar , Garvit Jain , Chirag Ahooja , Shubham Chaudhary , Charles Elkan

When performing complex tasks, humans naturally reason at multiple temporal and spatial resolutions simultaneously. We contend that for an artificially intelligent agent to effectively model human teammates, i.e., demonstrate computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Liang Zhang , Justin Lieffers , Adarsh Pyarelal

Data-analytic agents are emerging as a key catalyst for automated scientific discovery and for the vision of Innovating AI. Current approaches, however, rely heavily on prompt engineering over proprietary models, while open-source models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Shuofei Qiao , Yanqiu Zhao , Zhisong Qiu , Xiaobin Wang , Jintian Zhang , Zhao Bin , Ningyu Zhang , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Huajun Chen

We argue that 3-D first-person video games are a challenging environment for real-time multi-modal reasoning. We first describe our dataset of human game-play, collected across a large variety of 3-D first-person games, which is both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yuguang Yue , Irakli Salia , Samuel Hunt , Christopher Green , Wenzhe Shi , Jonathan J Hunt

A fundamental challenge in multi-task reinforcement learning (MTRL) is achieving sample efficiency in visual domains where tasks exhibit substantial heterogeneity in both observations and dynamics. Model-based reinforcement learning offers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Boxuan Zhang , Weipu Zhang , Zhaohan Feng , Wei Xiao , Jian Sun , Jie Chen , Gang Wang

Closed-source agents suffer from several issues such as a lack of affordability, transparency, and reproducibility, particularly on complex interactive tasks. This motivates the development of open-source alternatives. We introduce LUMOS,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Da Yin , Faeze Brahman , Abhilasha Ravichander , Khyathi Chandu , Kai-Wei Chang , Yejin Choi , Bill Yuchen Lin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning, planning, and communication abilities, enabling them to operate as autonomous agents in open environments. While single-agent systems remain limited in adaptability and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Jianing Hao , Han Ding , Yuanjian Xu , Tianze Sun , Ran Chen , Wanbo Zhang , Guang Zhang , Siguang Li

Towards an embodied generalist for real-world interaction, Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) agents still suffer from challenging latency, sparse feedback, and irreversible mistakes. Video games offer an ideal testbed with rich visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mingyu Ouyang , Siyuan Hu , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Hwee Tou Ng , Mike Zheng Shou

Interactive fiction games have emerged as an important application to improve the generalization capabilities of language-based reinforcement learning (RL) agents. Existing environments for interactive fiction games are domain-specific or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Shreyas Basavatia , Keerthiram Murugesan , Shivam Ratnakar

Advanced agentic intelligence is a prerequisite for deploying Large Language Models in practical, real-world applications. Diverse real-world APIs demand precise, robust function-calling intelligence, which needs agents to develop these…

As the performance of larger, newer Large Language Models continues to improve for strategic Theory of Mind (ToM) tasks, the demand for these state-of-the-art models increases commensurately. However, their deployment is costly both in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Nunzio Lore , Sepehr Ilami , Babak Heydari

The General Video Game AI competitions have been the testing ground for several techniques for game playing, such as evolutionary computation techniques, tree search algorithms, hyper heuristic based or knowledge based algorithms. So far…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Ivan Bravi , Jialin Liu , Diego Perez-Liebana , Simon Lucas

We present TextAtari, a benchmark for evaluating language agents on very long-horizon decision-making tasks spanning up to 100,000 steps. By translating the visual state representations of classic Atari games into rich textual descriptions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wenhao Li , Wenwu Li , Chuyun Shen , Junjie Sheng , Zixiao Huang , Di Wu , Yun Hua , Wei Yin , Xiangfeng Wang , Hongyuan Zha , Bo Jin

Text based games are simulations in which an agent interacts with the world purely through natural language. They typically consist of a number of puzzles interspersed with interactions with common everyday objects and locations. Deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Sahith Dambekodi , Spencer Frazier , Prithviraj Ammanabrolu , Mark O. Riedl