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Formalized mathematics has recently garnered significant attention for its ability to assist mathematicians across various fields. Premise retrieval, as a common step in mathematical formalization, has been a challenge, particularly for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Yicheng Tao , Haotian Liu , Shanwen Wang , Hongteng Xu

In this work, we develop a new learning-based method for selecting facts (premises) when proving new goals over large formal libraries. Unlike previous methods that choose sets of facts independently of each other by their rank, the new…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Bartosz Piotrowski , Josef Urban

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in proving formal theorems using proof assistants such as Lean. However, existing methods are difficult to reproduce or build on, due to private code, data, and large compute requirements.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Kaiyu Yang , Aidan M. Swope , Alex Gu , Rahul Chalamala , Peiyang Song , Shixing Yu , Saad Godil , Ryan Prenger , Anima Anandkumar

We propose a deep learning-based approach to the problem of premise selection: selecting mathematical statements relevant for proving a given conjecture. We represent a higher-order logic formula as a graph that is invariant to variable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-10-09 Mingzhe Wang , Yihe Tang , Jian Wang , Jia Deng

Document-level relation extraction requires integrating information within and across multiple sentences of a document and capturing complex interactions between inter-sentence entities. However, effective aggregation of relevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Guoshun Nan , Zhijiang Guo , Ivan Sekulić , Wei Lu

Data integration tasks such as the creation and extension of knowledge graphs involve the fusion of heterogeneous entities from many sources. Matching and fusion of such entities require to also match and combine their properties…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Daniel Ayala , Inma Hernández , David Ruiz , Erhard Rahm

Premise selection is crucial for large theory reasoning as the sheer size of the problems quickly leads to resource starvation. This paper proposes a premise selection approach inspired by the domain of image captioning, where language…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Edvard K. Holden , Konstantin Korovin

Neural methods are transforming automated reasoning for proof assistants, yet integrating these advances into practical verification workflows remains challenging. A hammer is a tool that integrates premise selection, translation to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Thomas Zhu , Joshua Clune , Jeremy Avigad , Albert Qiaochu Jiang , Sean Welleck

We introduce a machine-learning-based tool for the Lean proof assistant that suggests relevant premises for theorems being proved by a user. The design principles for the tool are (1) tight integration with the proof assistant, (2) ease of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Bartosz Piotrowski , Ramon Fernández Mir , Edward Ayers

In this work, we develop a neural network based model which leverages dependency parsing to capture cross-positional dependencies and grammatical structures. With the help of linguistic signals, sentence-level relations can be correctly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Congbo Ma , Wei Emma Zhang , Hu Wang , Shubham Gupta , Mingyu Guo

Labeled property graphs often contain rich textual attributes that can enhance analytical tasks when properly leveraged. This work explores the use of pretrained text embedding models to enable efficient semantic analysis in such graphs. By…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Michal Podstawski

Recent work in learning vector-space embeddings for multi-relational data has focused on combining relational information derived from knowledge bases with distributional information derived from large text corpora. We propose a simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-05-19 Teng Long , Ryan Lowe , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung , Doina Precup

Complex reasoning over text requires understanding and chaining together free-form predicates and logical connectives. Prior work has largely tried to do this either symbolically or with black-box transformers. We present a middle ground…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Jiangming Liu , Matt Gardner , Shay B. Cohen , Mirella Lapata

Over the last few years, machine learning over graph structures has manifested a significant enhancement in text mining applications such as event detection, opinion mining, and news recommendation. One of the primary challenges in this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Kayvan Bijari , Hadi Zare , Emad Kebriaei , Hadi Veisi

Knowledge graphs, on top of entities and their relationships, contain other important elements: literals. Literals encode interesting properties (e.g. the height) of entities that are not captured by links between entities alone. Most of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-19 Agustinus Kristiadi , Mohammad Asif Khan , Denis Lukovnikov , Jens Lehmann , Asja Fischer

Smart premise selection is essential when using automated reasoning as a tool for large-theory formal proof development. A good method for premise selection in complex mathematical libraries is the application of machine learning to large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-01-07 Jesse Alama , Tom Heskes , Daniel Kühlwein , Evgeni Tsivtsivadze , Josef Urban

We present the problem of selecting relevant premises for a proof of a given statement. When stated as a binary classification task for pairs (conjecture, axiom), it can be efficiently solved using artificial neural networks. The key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Andrzej Stanisław Kucik , Konstantin Korovin

Fact checking is a challenging task because verifying the truthfulness of a claim requires reasoning about multiple retrievable evidence. In this work, we present a method suitable for reasoning about the semantic-level structure of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Wanjun Zhong , Jingjing Xu , Duyu Tang , Zenan Xu , Nan Duan , Ming Zhou , Jiahai Wang , Jian Yin

We present Regularized Linear Embedding (RLE), a novel method that projects a collection of linked documents (e.g. citation network) into a pretrained word embedding space. In addition to the textual content, we leverage a matrix of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Antoine Gourru , Adrien Guille , Julien Velcin , Julien Jacques

We focus on a conversational question answering task which combines the challenges of understanding questions in context and reasoning over evidence gathered from heterogeneous sources like text, knowledge graphs, tables, and infoboxes. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Parag Jain , Mirella Lapata
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