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The performance of machine learning classification algorithms are evaluated by estimating metrics, often from the confusion matrix, using training data and cross-validation. However, these do not prove that the best possible performance has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-05 L. Crow , S. J. Watts

Agents, language model-based systems capable of reasoning, planning, and acting are widely adopted in real-world tasks, yet how their performance changes as these systems scale across key dimensions remains underexplored. We introduce…

This paper addresses decentralized control of large-scale heterogeneous multi-agent systems subject to bounded external disturbances and limited communication, with the objective of satisfying cooperative Signal Temporal Logic (STL)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-27 Tommaso Zaccherini , Siyuan Liu , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

Recent Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) literature has been largely focused on Centralized Training with Decentralized Execution (CTDE) paradigm. CTDE has been a dominant approach for both cooperative and mixed environments due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Vladimir Egorov , Aleksei Shpilman

Autonomous multi-agent target tracking in GPS-denied and communication-restricted environments (e.g., underwater exploration, subterranean search and rescue, and adversarial domains) forces agents to operate independently and only exchange…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mohamed Abdelnaby , Samuel Honor , Kevin Leahy

When should we encourage specialization in multi-agent systems versus train generalists that perform the entire task independently? We propose that specialization largely depends on task parallelizability: the potential for multiple agents…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled GUI agents to interact with operating systems by grounding language into spatial actions. Despite their promising performance, these models frequently exhibit hallucinations-systematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Xingjian Tao , Yiwei Wang , Yujun Cai , Zhicheng Yang , Jing Tang

We study the robustness of an agent decision-making model in finite-population games, with a particular focus on the Kullback-Leibler Divergence Regularized Learning (KLD-RL) model. Specifically, we examine how the model's parameters…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Shinkyu Park , Lucas C. D. Bezerra

Recent work, spanning from autonomous vehicle coordination to in-space assembly, has shown the importance of learning collaborative behavior for enabling robots to achieve shared goals. A common approach for learning this cooperative…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Kartik Nagpal , Dayi Dong , Jean-Baptiste Bouvier , Negar Mehr

This paper addresses the problem of distributed detection in multi-agent networks. Agents receive private signals about an unknown state of the world. The underlying state is globally identifiable, yet informative signals may be dispersed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-10-01 Shahin Shahrampour , Alexander Rakhlin , Ali Jadbabaie

AI agents are increasingly deployed to execute important tasks. While rising accuracy scores on standard benchmarks suggest rapid progress, many agents still continue to fail in practice. This discrepancy highlights a fundamental limitation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Stephan Rabanser , Sayash Kapoor , Peter Kirgis , Kangheng Liu , Saiteja Utpala , Arvind Narayanan

Multi-agent LLM systems are increasingly deployed as autonomous collaborators, where agents interact freely rather than execute fixed, pre-specified workflows. In such settings, effective coordination cannot be fully designed in advance and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Aneesh Pappu , Batu El , Hancheng Cao , Carmelo di Nolfo , Yanchao Sun , Meng Cao , James Zou

In this paper, we first address adverse effects of cyber-physical attacks on distributed synchronization of multi-agent systems, by providing conditions under which an attacker can destabilize the underlying network, as well as another set…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Aquib Mustafa , Rohollah Moghadam , Hamidreza Modares

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices faces severe computational and memory constraints, limiting real-time processing and on-device intelligence. Hybrid architectures combining Structured State Space Models (SSMs) with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jason Kong , Nilesh Prasad Pandey , Flavio Ponzina , Tajana Rosing

Kullback-Leibler (KL) regularization is widely used in offline decision-making and offers several benefits, motivating recent work on the sample complexity of offline learning with respect to KL-regularized performance metrics.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Kaixuan Ji , Qiwei Di , Heyang Zhao , Qingyue Zhao , Quanquan Gu

Large language models are increasingly deployed in multi-agent systems to overcome context limitations by distributing information across agents. Yet whether agents can reliably compute with distributed information, rather than merely…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yuzhe Zhang , Feiran Liu , Yi Shan , Xinyi Huang , Xin Yang , Yueqi Zhu , Xuxin Cheng , Cao Liu , Ke Zeng , Terry Jingchen Zhang , Wenyuan Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities as autonomous agents, yet existing benchmarks either focus on single-agent tasks or are confined to narrow domains, failing to capture the dynamics of multi-agent coordination…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Kunlun Zhu , Hongyi Du , Zhaochen Hong , Xiaocheng Yang , Shuyi Guo , Zhe Wang , Zhenhailong Wang , Cheng Qian , Xiangru Tang , Heng Ji , Jiaxuan You

Recently, self-supervised metric learning has raised attention for the potential to learn a generic distance function. It overcomes the limitations of conventional supervised one, e.g., scalability and label biases. Despite progress in this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Jiantao Wu , Shentong Mo , Sara Atito , Josef Kittler , Zhenhua Feng , Muhammad Awais

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to use external tools unlocks powerful real-world interactions, making rigorous evaluation essential. However, current benchmarks primarily report final accuracy, revealing what models can do but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Qihao Wang , Yue Hu , Mingzhe Lu , Jiayue Wu , Yanbing Liu , Yuanmin Tang

In real-world environments, autonomous agents rely on their egocentric observations. They must learn adaptive strategies to interact with others who possess mixed motivations, discernible only through visible cues. Several Multi-Agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Violet Xiang , Logan Cross , Jan-Philipp Fränken , Nick Haber
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