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Probabilistic Ising machines (PIMs) provide a path to solving many computationally hard problems more efficiently than deterministic algorithms on von Neumann computers. Stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions (S-MTJs), which are engineered to…

Spin Glasses (SG) are paradigmatic models for physical, computer science, biological and social systems. The problem of studying the dynamics for SG models is NP hard, i.e., no algorithm solves it in polynomial time. Here we implement the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-07-14 M. Leonetti , E. Hörmann , L. Leuzzi , G. Parisi , G. Ruocco

It is widely expected that systems which fully thermalize are chaotic in the sense of exhibiting random-matrix statistics of their energy level spacings, whereas integrable systems exhibit Poissonian statistics. In this paper, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-09-21 Michael Winer , Richard Barney , Christopher L. Baldwin , Victor Galitski , Brian Swingle

I give a very brief non-technical introduction to the intersection of the fields of spin systems and computational complexity. The focus is on spin glasses and their relationship to NP-complete problems.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-25 Daniel Gottesman

Ising Machines are emerging hardware architectures that efficiently solve NP-Hard combinatorial optimization problems. Generally, combinatorial problems are transformed into quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) form, but this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Chirag Garg , Sayeef Salahuddin

Given the fundamental importance of combinatorial optimization across many diverse application domains, there has been widespread interest in the development of unconventional physical computing architectures that can deliver better…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-09-18 Atsushi Yamamura , Hideo Mabuchi , Surya Ganguli

A spatial photonic Ising machine (SPIM) handles large-scale combinatorial optimization problems owing to optical processing with spatial parallelism. However, iterative feedback in the search for optimal solutions limits processing speed…

Optics · Physics 2025-02-27 Suguru Shimomura , Jun Tanida , Yusuke Ogura

Inspired by the developments in quantum computing, building domain-specific classical hardware to solve computationally hard problems has received increasing attention. Here, by introducing systematic sparsification techniques, we…

Spherical spin glasses are canonical models for smooth random functions in high dimensions. In this review, we survey several interrelated lines of research on their geometric structure. We begin with results concerning critical points and…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Eliran Subag

Motivated by near term quantum computing hardware limitations, combinatorial optimization problems that can be addressed by current quantum algorithms and noisy hardware with little or no overhead are used to probe capabilities of quantum…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Elijah Pelofske , Andreas Bärtschi , Stephan Eidenbenz

The high-performance scalable parallel algorithm for rigorous calculation of partition function of lattice systems with finite number Ising spins was developed. The parallel calculations run by C++ code with using of Message Passing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2012-02-21 Alexey A. Peretyatko , Ivan A. Bogatyrev , Vitaliy Yu. Kapitan , Yury V. Kirienko , Konstantin V. Nefedev , Valery I. Belokon

Ising machines are hardware solvers which aim to find the absolute or approximate ground states of the Ising model. The Ising model is of fundamental computational interest because it is possible to formulate any problem in the complexity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-04 Naeimeh Mohseni , Peter L. McMahon , Tim Byrnes

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are a unifying representation for probabilistic models that support tractable inference. Numerous applications of PCs like controllable text generation depend on the ability to efficiently multiply two circuits.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Honghua Zhang , Benjie Wang , Marcelo Arenas , Guy Van den Broeck

We present a highly optimized implementation of a Monte Carlo (MC) simulator for the three-dimensional Ising spin-glass model with bimodal disorder, i.e., the 3D Edwards-Anderson model running on CUDA enabled GPUs. Multi-GPU systems…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-05-04 Matteo Lulli , Massimo Bernaschi , Giorgio Parisi

Probabilistic (p-) bits implemented with low energy barrier nanomagnets (LBMs) have recently gained attention because they can be leveraged to perform some computational tasks very efficiently. Although more error-resilient than Boolean…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-03-10 Justine L. Drobitch , Supriyo Bandyopadhyay

Quantum computing requires a universal set of gate operations; regarding gates as rotations, any rotation angle must be possible. However a real device may only be capable of $B$ bits of resolution, i.e. it might support only $2^B$ possible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-28 Bálint Koczor , John Morton , Simon Benjamin

Spin glasses are fundamental probability distributions at the core of statistical physics, the theory of average-case computational complexity, and modern high-dimensional statistical inference. In the mean-field setting, we design…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Ferenc Bencs , Brice Huang , Daniel Z. Lee , Kuikui Liu , Guus Regts

Classical or quantum physical systems can simulate the Ising Hamiltonian for large-scale optimization and machine learning. However, devices such as quantum annealers and coherent Ising machines suffer an exponential drop in the probability…

Optics · Physics 2024-01-09 Marcello Calvanese Strinati , Claudio Conti

We present a methodology for generating Ising Hamiltonians of tunable complexity and with a priori known ground states based on a decomposition of the model graph into edge-disjoint subgraphs. The idea is illustrated with a spin-glass model…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-04-17 Firas Hamze , Darryl C. Jacob , Andrew J. Ochoa , Dilina Perera , Wenlong Wang , Helmut G. Katzgraber

We describe a numerical algorithm for computing spin glass ground states with a high level of reliability. The method uses a population based search and applies optimization on multiple scales. Benchmarks are given leading to estimates of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-07 Jerome Houdayer , Olivier C. Martin