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When autonomous vehicles encounter untrained scenarios, ensuring safety hinges on effective safety verification to prevent accidents stemming from unexpected model decisions. Reachability analysis, a method of safety verification, offers…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-05 Lingxiang Fan , Linxuan He , Haoyuan Ji , Shuo Feng

Ensuring correctness is a pivotal aspect of software engineering. Among the various strategies available, software verification offers a definitive assurance of correctness. Nevertheless, writing verification proofs is resource-intensive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Lichen Zhang , Shuai Lu , Nan Duan

To use neural networks in safety-critical settings it is paramount to provide assurances on their runtime operation. Recent work on ReLU networks has sought to verify whether inputs belonging to a bounded box can ever yield some undesirable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Vicenc Rubies-Royo , Roberto Calandra , Dusan M. Stipanovic , Claire Tomlin

We present OpenComputer, a verifier-grounded framework for constructing verifiable software worlds for computer-use agents. OpenComputer integrates four components: (1) app-specific state verifiers that expose structured inspection…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jinbiao Wei , Qianran Ma , Yilun Zhao , Xiao Zhou , Kangqi Ni , Guo Gan , Arman Cohan

Deep Neural Networks are increasingly adopted in critical tasks that require a high level of safety, e.g., autonomous driving. While state-of-the-art verifiers can be employed to check whether a DNN is unsafe w.r.t. some given property…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Luca Marzari , Davide Corsi , Ferdinando Cicalese , Alessandro Farinelli

The growing use of deep neural networks in safety-critical applications makes it necessary to carry out adequate testing to detect and correct any incorrect behavior for corner case inputs before they can be actually used. Deep neural…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Jasmine Sekhon , Cody Fleming

Machine Learning (ML) has exhibited substantial success in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). For example large language models have empirically proven to be capable of producing text of high complexity and cohesion. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Marco Casadio , Tanvi Dinkar , Ekaterina Komendantskaya , Luca Arnaboldi , Matthew L. Daggitt , Omri Isac , Guy Katz , Verena Rieser , Oliver Lemon

Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) that provide formal safety guarantees have been widely used for safety-critical systems. However, it is non-trivial to design a CBF. Utilizing neural networks as CBFs has shown great success, but it…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-20 Xinyu Wang , Luzia Knoedler , Frederik Baymler Mathiesen , Javier Alonso-Mora

Neural networks solving real-world problems are often required not only to make accurate predictions but also to provide a confidence level in the forecast. The calibration of a model indicates how close the estimated confidence is to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Ruslan Vasilev , Alexander D'yakonov

In this paper, we consider the problem of formally verifying the safety of an autonomous robot equipped with a Neural Network (NN) controller that processes LiDAR images to produce control actions. Given a workspace that is characterized by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Xiaowu Sun , Haitham Khedr , Yasser Shoukry

Binarized neural networks (BNNs) are feedforward neural networks with binary weights and activation functions. In the context of using a BNN for classification, the verification problem seeks to determine whether a small perturbation of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Woojin Kim , James R. Luedtke

Robustness verification of neural networks, referring to formally proving that neural networks satisfy robustness properties, is of crucial importance in safety-critical applications, where model failures can result in loss of human life or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Minh Le , Phuong Cao

Semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation has emerged as a promising approach for neural network verification, offering tighter bounds than other convex relaxation methods for deep neural networks (DNNs) with ReLU activations. However, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Ryota Ueda , Takami Sato , Ken Kobayashi , Kazuhide Nakata

Software security is becoming a high priority for both large companies and start-ups alike due to the increasing potential for harm that vulnerabilities and breaches carry with them. However, attaining robust security assurance while…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-06 David N. Palacio , Daniel McCrystal , Kevin Moran , Carlos Bernal-Cárdenas , Denys Poshyvanyk , Chris Shenefiel

In this thesis a comprehensive verification framework is proposed to contend with some important issues in composability verification and a verification process is suggested to verify composability of different kinds of systems models, such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Imran Mahmood

Autonomous cyber-physical systems (CPS) rely on the correct operation of numerous components, with state-of-the-art methods relying on machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) components in various stages of sensing and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Weiming Xiang , Taylor T. Johnson

We introduce a machine learning approach to model checking temporal logic, with application to formal hardware verification. Model checking answers the question of whether every execution of a given system satisfies a desired temporal logic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Mirco Giacobbe , Daniel Kroening , Abhinandan Pal , Michael Tautschnig

A verification code is an automated test method used to distinguish between humans and computers. Humans can easily identify verification codes, whereas machines cannot. With the development of convolutional neural networks, automatically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-13 Dongliang Xu , Bailing Wang , XiaoJiang Du , Xiaoyan Zhu , zhitao Guan , Xiaoyan Yu , Jingyu Liu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are becoming a key component in diverse systems across the board. However, despite their success, they often err miserably; and this has triggered significant interest in formally verifying them. Unfortunately,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Raya Elsaleh , Guy Katz

This work addresses the certification of the local robustness of vision-based two-stage 6D object pose estimation. The two-stage method for object pose estimation achieves superior accuracy by first employing deep neural network-driven…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Xusheng Luo , Tianhao Wei , Simin Liu , Ziwei Wang , Luis Mattei-Mendez , Taylor Loper , Joshua Neighbor , Casidhe Hutchison , Changliu Liu