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The need for flexibility and curtailable resources is crucial for ensuring the healthy operation of future distribution networks (DN). In this work, we propose a network-state driven framework that distribution system operators (DSOs) can…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-18 Md Umar Hashmi , Arpan Koirala , Hakan Ergun , Dirk Van Hertem

Nowadays, energy transition is ongoing in many countries, aiming to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and CO2 emissions. Besides the positive impacts on the environment, this transition brings technical challenges to the system operators,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Hang Nguyen , Koen Kok , Trung Thai Tran , Phuong H. Nguyen

In this paper we present a framework to efficiently characterize the available operational flexibility in a multi-area power system. We focus on the available reserves and the tie-line flows. The proposed approach is an alternative to the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Matthias Bucher , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis , Göran Andersson

Utilizing distribution grid flexibility for ancillary services requires the coordination and dispatch of requested active and reactive power to a large number of distributed energy resources in underlying grid layers. This paper presents an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-18 Florian Klein-Helmkamp , Irina Zettl , Florian Schmidtke , Lukas Ortmann , Andreas Ulbig

High penetration of renewable energy sources intensifies frequency fluctuations in multi-area power systems, challenging both stability and operational safety. This paper proposes a novel distributed frequency control method that ensures…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-10 Xiemin Mo , Tao Liu

The increasing penetration of inverter-based renewable generation has significantly reduced system inertia, making modern power grids more vulnerable to rapid frequency deviations following disturbances. While a wide range of flexible…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-18 Xiaojie Tao , Rajit Gadh

Loads that can vary their power consumption without violating their Quality of service (QoS), that is flexible loads, are an invaluable resource for grid operators. Utilizing flexible loads as a resource requires the grid operator to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-30 Austin R. Coffman , Matthew Hale , Prabir Barooah

The growing proliferation of microgrids and distributed energy resources in distribution networks has resulted in the development of Distribution Market Operator (DMO). This new entity will facilitate the management of the distributed…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Alireza Majzoobi , Mohsen Mahoor , Amin Khodaei

This paper presents a data-driven, distributionally robust chance-constrained optimization method for estimating the real and reactive power controllability of aggregated distributed energy resources (DER). At the DER-level, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-15 Mingzhi Zhang , Xiangqi Zhu , Ning Lu

Coordinated optimization dispatch (COD) of transmission system operator (TSO) and distribution system operator (DSO) can effectively ensure system security and efficiency under high-penetration distributed energy resource (DER) integration.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-01 Bo Li , Xicong Pang , Guangrui Wei , Haiwang Zhong , Grant Ruan , Zhengmao Li , Edris Pouresmaeil

Distribution grid flexibility is discussed as a possible measure in curative system operation, yielding a need for an efficient and robust coordination mechanism for the joint flexibility provision by individual units to the transmission…

This paper is concerned with the problem of coordinating a set of distributed energy resources (DERs) in a lossy power distribution system to provide frequency regulation services to a bulk power grid with the explicit consideration of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-28 Hanchen Xu , Alejandro D. Domínguez-García , Peter W. Sauer

As more and more renewable intermittent generations are being connected to the distribution grid, the grid operators require more flexibility to maintain the balance between supply and demand. The intermittencies give rise to situations…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-10 Ankur Majumdar , Omid Alizadeh-Mousavi

This paper presents a grid-aware probabilistic approach to compute the aggregated flexibility at the grid connection point (GCP) of active distribution networks (ADNs) to allow the participation of DERs in ancillary services (AS) markets.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-19 Matthieu Jacobs , Mario Paolone

In this paper, we formulate optimization problems to perform optimal transmission switching (OTS) in order to operate power transmission grids most efficiently. In any given electrical network, several of the transmission lines are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-07 Vineet Jagadeesan Nair

The aggregate flexibility region of distributed energy resources (DERs) quantifies the aggregate power shaping capabilities of DERs. It characterizes the distribution network's potential for wholesale market participation and grid service…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Feixiang Zhang , Hongyi Li , Bai Cui , Zhaoyu Wang

A challenge in transmission-distribution coordination is how to quickly and reliably coordinate Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) across large multi-stakeholder Distribution Networks (DNs) to support the Transmission Network (TN), while…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-19 Ilyas Farhat , Etinosa Ekomwenrenren , John W. Simpson-Porco , Evangelos Farantatos , Mahendra Patel , Aboutaleb Haddadi

Due to more volatile generation, flexibility will become more important in transmission grids. One potential source of this flexibility can be distribution grids. A flexibility request from the transmission grid to a distribution grid then…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-05 Lukas Ortmann , Fabian Böhm , Florian Klein-Helmkamp , Andreas Ulbig , Saverio Bolognani , Florian Dörfler

Nowadays, the PQ flexibility from the distributed energy resources (DERs) in the high voltage (HV) grids plays a more critical and significant role in grid congestion management in TSO grids. This work proposed a multi-stage deep…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-20 Zhenqi Wang , Sebastian Wende-von Berg , Martin Braun

Motivated by the increasing need to hedge against load and generation uncertainty in the operation of power grids, we propose flexibility maximization during operation. We consider flexibility explicitly as the amount of uncertainty that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-27 Aron Zingler , Stephane Fliscounakis , Patrick Panciatici , Alexander Mitsos