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The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new opportunities to automate software engineering activities that traditionally require substantial manual effort. Among these, class diagram generation represents a critical yet…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jackson Nguyen , Rui En Koe , Fanyu Wang , Chetan Arora , Alessio Ferrari

Hardware design verification (DV) is a process that checks the functional equivalence of a hardware design against its specifications, improving hardware reliability and robustness. A key task in the DV process is the test stimuli…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Zixi Zhang , Balint Szekely , Pedro Gimenes , Greg Chadwick , Hugo McNally , Jianyi Cheng , Robert Mullins , Yiren Zhao

The development of architecture specifications is an initial and fundamental stage of the integrated circuit (IC) design process. Traditionally, architecture specifications are crafted by experienced chip architects, a process that is not…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Mengming Li , Wenji Fang , Qijun Zhang , Zhiyao Xie

Interviews are a widely used technique in eliciting requirements to gather stakeholder needs, preferences, and expectations for a software system. Effective interviewing requires skilled interviewers to formulate appropriate interview…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Yuchen Shen , Anmol Singhal , Travis Breaux

Formal Property Verification (FPV), using SystemVerilog Assertions (SVA), is crucial for ensuring the completeness of design with respect to the specification. However, writing SVA is a laborious task and has a steep learning curve. In this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Mohammad Shahidzadeh , Behnam Ghavami , Steve Wilton , Lesley Shannon

Fully automated verification of large-scale software and hardware systems is arguably the holy grail of formal methods. Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated their potential for enhancing the degree of automation in formal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Zhongyi Wang , Tengjie Lin , Mingshuai Chen , Mingqi Yang , Haokun Li , Xiao Yi , Shengchao Qin , Jianwei Yin

The creation of a Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document is important for any software development project. Given the recent prowess of Large Language Models (LLMs) in answering natural language queries and generating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Madhava Krishna , Bhagesh Gaur , Arsh Verma , Pankaj Jalote

Over the past decade, different domain-specific languages (DSLs) were proposed to formally specify requirements stated in legal contracts, mainly for analysis but also for code generation. Symboleo is a promising language in that area.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Mounira Nihad Zitouni , Amal Ahmed Anda , Sahil Rajpal , Daniel Amyot , John Mylopoulos

Testing has become an indispensable activity of software development, yet writing good and relevant tests remains a quite challenging task. One well-known problem is that it often is impossible or unrealistic to test for every outcome, as…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-08-18 Dimitri Racordon , Didier Buchs

Software testing ensures the quality and reliability of software products, but manual test case creation is labor-intensive. With the rise of large language models (LLMs), there is growing interest in unit test creation with LLMs. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Hung-Fu Chang , Mohammad Shokrolah Shirazi

Testing PLC and DCS control logic in industrial automation is laborious and challenging since appropriate test cases are often complex and difficult to formulate. Researchers have previously proposed several automated test case generation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Heiko Koziolek , Virendra Ashiwal , Soumyadip Bandyopadhyay , Chandrika K R

This paper investigates the logical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). For a precisely defined yet tractable formulation, we choose the conceptually simple but technically complex task of constructing proofs in Boolean…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Yuan Xia , Akanksha Atrey , Fadoua Khmaissia , Kedar S. Namjoshi

In the past few years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded in usefulness and popularity for code generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with accuracy and are unsuitable for high-risk applications without additional oversight…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-29 William Murphy , Nikolaus Holzer , Feitong Qiao , Leyi Cui , Raven Rothkopf , Nathan Koenig , Mark Santolucito

Large language models (LLMs) can be leveraged to help with writing formulas in spreadsheets, but resources on these formulas are scarce, impacting both the base performance of pre-trained models and limiting the ability to fine-tune them.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Usneek Singh , José Cambronero , Sumit Gulwani , Aditya Kanade , Anirudh Khatry , Vu Le , Mukul Singh , Gust Verbruggen

Application of formal models provides many benefits for the software and system development, however, the learning curve of formal languages could be a critical factor for an industrial project. Thus, a natural language specification that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-12-07 Phan Vo Thu Nhat , Maria Spichkova

Verification is one of the central tasks in circuit and system design. While simulation and emulation are widely used, complete correctness can only be ensured based on formal proof techniques. But these approaches often have very high run…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Rolf Drechsler

We study whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can perform feature model analysis operations (AOs) directly on semi-formal textual blueprints, i.e., concise constrained-language descriptions of feature hierarchies and constraints, enabling…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Viet-Man Le , Thi Ngoc Trang Tran , Sebastian Lubos , Alexander Felfernig , Damian Garber

Testing web forms is an essential activity for ensuring the quality of web applications. It typically involves evaluating the interactions between users and forms. Automated test-case generation remains a challenge for web-form testing: Due…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Tao Li , Chenhui Cui , Rubing Huang , Dave Towey , Lei Ma

In industrial model-based development (MBD) frameworks, requirements are typically specified informally using textual descriptions. To enable the application of formal methods, these specifications need to be formalized in the input…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Philipp Berger , Johanna Nellen , Joost-Pieter Katoen , Erika Abraham , Md Tawhid Bin Waez , Thomas Rambow

Formal specifications are essential for ensuring software correctness, yet manually writing them is tedious and error-prone. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in generating such specifications from natural language intents,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Gehao Zhang , Zhenting Wang , Juan Zhai