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Code completion, a highly valuable topic in the software development domain, has been increasingly promoted for use by recent advances in large language models (LLMs). To date, visible LLM-based code completion frameworks such as GitHub…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Zongjie Li , Chaozheng Wang , Zhibo Liu , Haoxuan Wang , Dong Chen , Shuai Wang , Cuiyun Gao

Work on instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) has used automatic methods based on text overlap and LLM judgments as cost-effective alternatives to human evaluation. In this paper, we perform a meta-evaluation of such methods and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Ehsan Doostmohammadi , Oskar Holmström , Marco Kuhlmann

Large language models (LLMs) often generate code that is functionally correct but inefficient in runtime and memory. Prior approaches to improving code efficiency typically rely on absolute execution feedback, such as profiling a single…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Samira Hajizadeh , Suman Jana

Manual code reviews and static code analyzers are the traditional mechanisms to verify if source code complies with coding policies. However, these mechanisms are hard to scale. We formulate code compliance assessment as a machine learning…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Neela Sawant , Srinivasan H. Sengamedu

State of the art natural language processing tools are built on context-dependent word embeddings, but no direct method for evaluating these representations currently exists. Standard tasks and datasets for intrinsic evaluation of…

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) on repository-level feature implementation is a critical frontier in software engineering. However, establishing a benchmark that faithfully mirrors realistic development scenarios remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Haorui Chen , Chengze Li , Jia Li

Automated Code Review (ACR) is crucial for software quality, yet existing benchmarks often fail to reflect real-world complexities, hindering the evaluation of modern Large Language Models (LLMs). Current benchmarks frequently focus on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhengran Zeng , Ruikai Shi , Keke Han , Yixin Li , Kaicheng Sun , Yidong Wang , Zhuohao Yu , Rui Xie , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

Most studies focused on information retrieval-based techniques for fault localization, which built representations for bug reports and source code files and matched their semantic vectors through similarity measurement. However, such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Chunying Zhou , Xiaoyuan Xie , Gong Chen , Peng He , Bing Li

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the code generation capabilities of ChatGPT, a prominent large language model, compared to human programmers. A novel dataset of 131 code-generation prompts across 5 categories was curated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Muhammad Fawad Akbar Khan , Max Ramsdell , Erik Falor , Hamid Karimi

The generative capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly expanding from static code to dynamic, interactive visual artifacts. This progress is bottlenecked by a critical evaluation gap: established benchmarks focus on…

Project-specific code completion is a critical task that leverages context from a project to generate accurate code. State-of-the-art methods use retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with large language models (LLMs) and project information…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Le Deng , Xiaoxue Ren , Chao Ni , Ming Liang , David Lo , Zhongxin Liu

Comments within source code are essential for developers to comprehend the code's purpose and ensure its correct usage. However, as codebases evolve, maintaining an accurate alignment between the comments and the code becomes increasingly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Anh T. V. Dau , Jin L. C. Guo , Nghi D. Q. Bui

Natural language processing (NLP) systems are increasingly trained to generate open-ended text rather than classifying between responses. This makes research on evaluation metrics for generated language -- functions that score system output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Thomas Scialom , Felix Hill

Competitive program generation aims to automatically produce correct and efficient solutions for programming-contest problems under strict time and memory constraints. Existing LLM-based approaches often fail to perform explicit algorithmic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Minnan Wei , Xiang Chen , Xiaoshuai Niu , Siyu Chen

Machine Translation (MT) Quality Estimation (QE) assesses translation reliability without reference texts. This study introduces "textual similarity" as a new metric for QE, using sentence transformers and cosine similarity to measure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Kun Sun , Rong Wang

Thanks to unprecedented language understanding and generation capabilities of large language model (LLM), Retrieval-augmented Code Generation (RaCG) has recently been widely utilized among software developers. While this has increased…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Geonmin Kim , Jaeyeon Kim , Hancheol Park , Wooksu Shin , Tae-Ho Kim

We introduce MultiMatch, a novel semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithm combining the paradigms of co-training and consistency regularization with pseudo-labeling. At its core, MultiMatch features a pseudo-label weighting module designed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Iustin Sirbu , Robert-Adrian Popovici , Cornelia Caragea , Stefan Trausan-Matu , Traian Rebedea

Ensemble learning has been widely used in machine learning to improve model robustness, accuracy, and generalization, but has not yet been applied to code generation tasks with large language models (LLMs). We propose an ensemble approach…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Tarek Mahmud , Bin Duan , Corina Pasareanu , Guowei Yang

A number of automatic evaluation metrics have been proposed for natural language generation systems. The most common approach to automatic evaluation is the use of a reference-based metric that compares the model's output with gold-standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Takumi Ito , Kees van Deemter , Jun Suzuki

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has introduced new dynamics in software development, particularly within pull request workflows. While prior research has examined the quality of AI-generated code, less is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Daniel Ogenrwot , John Businge