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Interactive recommender systems can dynamically adapt to user feedback, but often suffer from content homogeneity and filter bubble effects due to overfitting short-term user preferences. While recent efforts aim to improve content…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chongjun Xia , Yanchun Peng , Xianzhi Wang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) demonstrate strong performance in complex tasks but often face the challenge of overthinking, leading to substantially high inference costs. Existing approaches synthesize shorter reasoning responses for LRMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Hexuan Deng , Wenxiang Jiao , Xuebo Liu , Jun Rao , Min Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been effective for post-training autoregressive (AR) language models, but extending these methods to diffusion language models (DLMs) is challenging due to intractable sequence-level likelihoods. Existing…

LLM-as-a-Judge refers to the automatic modeling of preferences for responses generated by Large Language Models (LLMs), which is of significant importance for both LLM evaluation and reward modeling. Although generative LLMs have made…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hui Huang , Yancheng He , Hongli Zhou , Rui Zhang , Wei Liu , Weixun Wang , Jiaheng Liu , Wenbo Su

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in solving complex mathematical problems, yet they still fall short of producing accurate and consistent solutions. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a framework for aligning these models with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ali Hatamizadeh , Shrimai Prabhumoye , Igor Gitman , Ximing Lu , Seungju Han , Wei Ping , Yejin Choi , Jan Kautz

Post-training with Reinforcement Learning (RL) has substantially improved reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs) via test-time scaling. However, extending this paradigm to Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) through verbose rationales yields limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Bangzheng Li , Jianmo Ni , Chen Qu , Ian Miao , Liu Yang , Xingyu Fu , Muhao Chen , Derek Zhiyuan Cheng

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized code generation, standard ``System 1'' approaches that generate solutions in a single forward pass often hit a performance ceiling on complex algorithmic tasks. Existing iterative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Juyong Jiang , Jiasi Shen , Sunghun Kim , Kang Min Yoo , Jeonghoon Kim , Sungju Kim

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently demonstrated strong potential in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Particularly, the "Zero" reinforcement learning introduced by Deepseek-R1-Zero, enables direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Xueguang Ma , Qian Liu , Dongfu Jiang , Ge Zhang , Zejun Ma , Wenhu Chen

The enhancement of reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs) has garnered significant attention, with supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning emerging as dominant paradigms. While recent studies recognize the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zhijie Wang

Long chain-of-thought (CoT) significantly enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, extensive reasoning traces lead to inefficiencies and increased time-to-first-token (TTFT). We propose a training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Roy Xie , David Qiu , Deepak Gopinath , Dong Lin , Yanchao Sun , Chong Wang , Saloni Potdar , Bhuwan Dhingra

Recently, sequential recommendation has been adapted to the LLM paradigm to enjoy the power of LLMs. LLM-based methods usually formulate recommendation information into natural language and the model is trained to predict the next item in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Hanbing Wang , Xiaorui Liu , Wenqi Fan , Xiangyu Zhao , Venkataramana Kini , Devendra Yadav , Fei Wang , Zhen Wen , Jiliang Tang , Hui Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used as judges to evaluate response quality, providing a scalable alternative to human evaluation. However, most LLM judges operate solely on intrinsic text-based reasoning, limiting their ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Ran Xu , Jingjing Chen , Jiayu Ye , Yu Wu , Jun Yan , Carl Yang , Hongkun Yu

The integration of reinforcement learning (RL) into large language models (LLMs) has opened new opportunities for recommender systems by eliciting reasoning and improving user preference modeling. However, RL-based LLM recommendation faces…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Lin Wang , Yang Zhang , Jingfan Chen , Xiaoyan Zhao , Fengbin Zhu , Qing Li , Tat-Seng Chua

Large pretrained models are showing increasingly better performance in reasoning and planning tasks across different modalities, opening the possibility to leverage them for complex sequential decision making problems. In this paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Martin Klissarov , Devon Hjelm , Alexander Toshev , Bogdan Mazoure

Reinforcement learning (RL) has gained popularity in the realm of recommender systems due to its ability to optimize long-term rewards and guide users in discovering relevant content. However, the successful implementation of RL in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Nathan Corecco , Giorgio Piatti , Luca A. Lanzendörfer , Flint Xiaofeng Fan , Roger Wattenhofer

The growth of recommender systems (RecSys) is driven by digitization and the need for personalized content in areas such as e-commerce and video streaming. The content in these systems often changes rapidly and therefore they constantly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Shiyu Wang , Hao Ding , Yupeng Gu , Sergul Aydore , Kousha Kalantari , Branislav Kveton

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a central post-training tool for improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). In these systems, the rollout, the trajectory sampled from a prompt to termination, including…

With the emergence of large language models (LLMs) and their ability to perform a variety of tasks, their application in recommender systems (RecSys) has shown promise. However, we are facing significant challenges when deploying LLMs into…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yueqing Liang , Liangwei Yang , Chen Wang , Xiongxiao Xu , Philip S. Yu , Kai Shu

When users are dissatisfied with recommendations from a recommender system, they often lack fine-grained controls for changing them. Large language models (LLMs) offer a solution by allowing users to guide their recommendations through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Micah Carroll , Adeline Foote , Kevin Feng , Marcus Williams , Anca Dragan , W. Bradley Knox , Smitha Milli

How might we design Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based recommenders that encourage aligning user trajectories with the underlying user satisfaction? Three research questions are key: (1) measuring user satisfaction, (2) combatting sparsity…