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In the presence of weak overall correlation, it may be useful to investigate if the correlation is significantly and substantially more pronounced over a subpopulation. Two different testing procedures are compared. Both are based on the…
Comparing two groups under different conditions is ubiquitous in the biomedical sciences. In many cases, samples from the two groups can be naturally paired; for example a pair of samples may come from the same individual under the two…
We prove a quantitative estimate for the homogenization length scale in terms of the ellipticity ratio $\Lambda/\lambda$ of the coefficient field. This upper bound applies to high-contrast elliptic equations exhibiting near-critical…
New nonparametric tests of copula exchangeability and radial symmetry are proposed. The novel aspect of the tests is a resampling procedure that exploits group invariance conditions associated with the relevant symmetry hypothesis. They may…
Totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes (TASEP) with particles which occupy more than one lattice site and with a local inhomogeneity far away from the boundaries are investigated. These non-equilibrium processes are relevant for the…
A general approach to compute the spherical measure of submanifolds in homogeneous groups is provided. We focus our attention on the homogeneous tangent space, that is a suitable weighted algebraic expansion of the submanifold. This space…
Tests based on heteroskedasticity robust standard errors are an important technique in econometric practice. Choosing the right critical value, however, is not simple at all: conventional critical values based on asymptotics often lead to…
This paper addresses patient heterogeneity associated with prediction problems in biomedical applications. We propose a systematic hypothesis testing approach to determine the existence of patient subgroup structure and the number of…
Ordinal scores occur commonly in medical imaging studies and in black-box forensic studies \citep{Phillips:2018}. To assess the accuracy of raters in the studies, one needs to estimate the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve while…
Topological data analysis is becoming increasingly relevant to support the analysis of unstructured data sets. A common assumption in data analysis is that the data set is a sample---not necessarily a uniform one---of some high-dimensional…
Despite its importance to experimental design, statistical power (the probability that, given a real effect, an experiment will reject the null hypothesis) has largely been ignored by the NLP community. Underpowered experiments make it more…
In this work, we consider the sample complexity required for testing the monotonicity of distributions over partial orders. A distribution $p$ over a poset is monotone if, for any pair of domain elements $x$ and $y$ such that $x \preceq y$,…
Arguments from scale physics, augmented by numerical and analytical investigations, are used to consider the probability and the detectability of superoscillations in generic functions. The detectability is defined as the fraction of the…
Stationarity is a very general, qualitative assumption, that can be assessed on the basis of application specifics. It is thus a rather attractive assumption to base statistical analysis on, especially for problems for which less general…
Clustered standard errors and approximate randomization tests are popular inference methods that allow for dependence within observations. However, they require researchers to know the cluster structure ex ante. We propose a procedure to…
This paper tackles the problem of detecting abrupt changes in the mean of a heteroscedastic signal by model selection, without knowledge on the variations of the noise. A new family of change-point detection procedures is proposed, showing…
A classical model is presented for the features of parametric down-conversion and homodyne detection relevant to recent proposed ``loophole-free'' Bell tests. The Bell tests themselves are uncontroversial: there are no obvious loopholes…
In this paper we establish compactness results of multiscale and very weak multiscale type for sequences bounded in $L^{2}(0,T;H_{0}^{1}(\Omega ))$, fulfilling a certain condition. We apply the results in the homogenization of the parabolic…
We consider panel data models where coefficients change smoothly over time and follow a latent group structure, being homogeneous within but heterogeneous across groups. To jointly estimate the group membership and group-specific…
In this paper we extend the classical notion of strong and weak backdoor sets for SAT and CSP by allowing that different instantiations of the backdoor variables result in instances that belong to different base classes; the union of the…