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Image scoring is a crucial task in numerous real-world applications. To trust a model's judgment, understanding its rationale is essential. This paper proposes a novel training method for Vision Language Models (VLMs) to generate not only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Naoto Tanji , Toshihiko Yamasaki

Puzzles have long served as compact and revealing probes of human cognition, isolating abstraction, rule discovery, and systematic reasoning with minimal reliance on prior knowledge. Leveraging these properties, visual puzzles have recently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Maria Lymperaiou , Vasileios Karampinis , Giorgos Filandrianos , Angelos Vlachos , Chrysoula Zerva , Athanasios Voulodimos

Handwritten mathematical expression recognition is a challenging problem due to the complicated two-dimensional structures, ambiguous handwriting input and variant scales of handwritten math symbols. To settle this problem, we utilize the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-01 Jianshu Zhang , Jun Du , Lirong Dai

Reward models play an essential role in training vision-language models (VLMs) by assessing output quality to enable aligning with human preferences. Despite their importance, the research community lacks comprehensive open benchmarks for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Michihiro Yasunaga , Luke Zettlemoyer , Marjan Ghazvininejad

Understanding and reasoning over diagrams is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence. While Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, existing benchmarks lack comprehensive evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Fengji Zhang , Linquan Wu , Huiyu Bai , Guancheng Lin , Xiao Li , Xiao Yu , Yue Wang , Bei Chen , Jacky Keung

Estimating 3D hand poses from a single RGB image is challenging because depth ambiguity leads the problem ill-posed. Training hand pose estimators with 3D hand mesh annotations and multi-view images often results in significant performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Liangjian Chen , Shih-Yao Lin , Yusheng Xie , Yen-Yu Lin , Xiaohui Xie

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated their broad effectiveness thanks to extensive training in aligning visual instructions to responses. However, such training of conclusive alignment leads models to ignore essential visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ji Qi , Ming Ding , Weihan Wang , Yushi Bai , Qingsong Lv , Wenyi Hong , Bin Xu , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

Visual reasoning, the capability to interpret visual input in response to implicit text query through multi-step reasoning, remains a challenge for deep learning models due to the lack of relevant benchmarks. Previous work in visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yiqing Shen , Chenjia Li , Chenxiao Fan , Mathias Unberath

World models - generative models that simulate environment dynamics conditioned on past observations and actions - are gaining prominence in planning, simulation, and embodied AI. However, evaluating their rollouts remains a fundamental…

In this paper, we present a visual analytics tool for enabling hypothesis-based evaluation of machine learning (ML) models. We describe a novel ML-testing framework that combines the traditional statistical hypothesis testing (commonly used…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Qianwen Wang , William Alexander , Jack Pegg , Huamin Qu , Min Chen

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown powerful capabilities in visual question answering and reasoning tasks by combining visual representations with the abstract skill set large language models (LLMs) learn during pretraining. Vision,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Riley Tavassoli , Mani Amani , Reza Akhavian

The remarkable progress of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has garnered unparalleled attention, due to their superior performance in visual contexts. However, their capabilities in visual math problem-solving remain insufficiently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Renrui Zhang , Dongzhi Jiang , Yichi Zhang , Haokun Lin , Ziyu Guo , Pengshuo Qiu , Aojun Zhou , Pan Lu , Kai-Wei Chang , Peng Gao , Hongsheng Li

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently gained attention due to their competitive performance on multiple downstream tasks, achieved by following user-input instructions. However, VLMs still exhibit several limitations in visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Simone Alghisi , Gabriel Roccabruna , Massimo Rizzoli , Seyed Mahed Mousavi , Giuseppe Riccardi

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have led to substantial improvements in the mathematical reasoning abilities of LLMs, as measured by standard benchmarks. Yet these gains often persist even when models are trained with flawed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Jian Yao , Ran Cheng , Kay Chen Tan

Recent progress in large-scale pre-training has led to the development of advanced vision-language models (VLMs) with remarkable proficiency in comprehending and generating multimodal content. Despite the impressive ability to perform…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Hang Hua , Jing Shi , Kushal Kafle , Simon Jenni , Daoan Zhang , John Collomosse , Scott Cohen , Jiebo Luo

Assessing student handwritten scratchwork is crucial for personalized educational feedback but presents unique challenges due to diverse handwriting, complex layouts, and varied problem-solving approaches. Existing educational NLP primarily…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Dingjie Song , Tianlong Xu , Yi-Fan Zhang , Hang Li , Zhiling Yan , Xing Fan , Haoyang Li , Lichao Sun , Qingsong Wen

Process Reward Models (PRMs) provide step-level supervision that improves the reliability of reasoning in large language models. While PRMs have been extensively studied in text-based domains, their extension to Vision Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Brandon Ong , Tej Deep Pala , Vernon Toh , William Chandra Tjhi , Soujanya Poria

Mathematical reasoning is critical for tasks such as precise distance and area computations, trajectory estimations, and spatial analysis in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based remote sensing, yet current vision-language models (VLMs) have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Yue Zhou , Litong Feng , Mengcheng Lan , Xue Yang , Qingyun Li , Yiping Ke , Xue Jiang , Wayne Zhang

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has spurred extensive research into their domain-specific capabilities, particularly mathematical reasoning. However, most open-source LLMs focus solely on mathematical reasoning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Shuai Peng , Di Fu , Liangcai Gao , Xiuqin Zhong , Hongguang Fu , Zhi Tang

Vision-language models (VLMs) enable open-ended visual question answering but remain prone to hallucinations. We present HEDGE, a unified framework for hallucination detection that combines controlled visual perturbations, semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sushant Gautam , Michael A. Riegler , Pål Halvorsen
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