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Robots need task planning algorithms to sequence actions toward accomplishing goals that are impossible through individual actions. Off-the-shelf task planners can be used by intelligent robotics practitioners to solve a variety of planning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Yuqian Jiang , Shiqi Zhang , Piyush Khandelwal , Peter Stone

Multi-robot collaboration tasks often require heterogeneous robots to work together over long horizons under spatial constraints and environmental uncertainties. Although Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reasoning and planning, their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Siqi Song , Xuanbing Xie , Zonglin Li , Yuqiang Li , Shijie Wang , Biqing Qi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as planners for language-instructed agents, generating sequences of actions to accomplish natural language tasks. However, their reliability remains a challenge, especially in long-horizon…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jun Wang , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Yiannis Kantaros

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong abilities in common-sense reasoning and interactive decision-making, but often struggle with complex, long-horizon planning tasks. Recent techniques have sought to structure LLM outputs using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Anthony Z. Liu , Xinhe Wang , Jacob Sansom , Yao Fu , Jongwook Choi , Sungryull Sohn , Jaekyeom Kim , Honglak Lee

This paper addresses the problem of planning complex manipulation tasks, in which multiple robots with different end-effectors and capabilities, informed by computer vision, must plan and execute concatenated sequences of actions on a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Cansu Erdogan , Cesar Alan Contreras , Alireza Rastegarpanah , Manolis Chiou , Rustam Stolkin

Planning algorithms decompose complex problems into intermediate steps that can be sequentially executed by robots to complete tasks. Recent works have employed Large Language Models (LLMs) for task planning, using natural language to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Vineet Bhat , Ali Umut Kaypak , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Ramesh Karri , Farshad Khorrami

Advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential in facilitating high-level reasoning, logical reasoning and robotics planning. Recently, LLMs have also been able to generate reward functions for low-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Marta Skreta , Zihan Zhou , Jia Lin Yuan , Kourosh Darvish , Alán Aspuru-Guzik , Animesh Garg

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to significant progress in robotics, enabling embodied agents to better understand and execute open-ended tasks. However, existing approaches using LLMs face limitations in grounding…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Émiland Garrabé , Pierre Teixeira , Mahdi Khoramshahi , Stéphane Doncieux

Heterogeneous multi-robot systems are increasingly used in long-horizon missions requiring coordinated planning across diverse capabilities. However, existing planning approaches struggle to construct accurate symbolic representations and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chak Lam Shek , Faizan M. Tariq , Sangjae Bae , David Isele , Piyush Gupta

In robotic task planning, symbolic planners using rule-based representations like PDDL are effective but struggle with long-sequential tasks in complicated environments due to exponentially increasing search space. Meanwhile, LLM-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Minseo Kwon , Yaesol Kim , Young J. Kim

Automating the generation of Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) with Large Language Model (LLM) opens new research topic in AI planning, particularly for complex real-world tasks. This paper introduces Image2PDDL, a novel framework…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Xuzhe Dang , Lada Kudláčková , Stefan Edelkamp

Industry 4.0 proposes the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into manufacturing and other industries to create smart collaborative systems which enhance efficiency. The aim of this paper is to develop a flexible and adaptive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-12 Qiguang Chen , Ya-Jun Pan

Multi-robot coordination based on large language models (LLMs) has attracted growing attention, since LLMs enable the direct translation of natural language instructions into robot action plans by decomposing tasks and generating high-level…

In this work, we address a task allocation problem for human multi-robot settings. Given a set of tasks to perform, we formulate a general Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem aiming at minimizing the overall execution time while…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Martina Lippi , Alessandro Marino

This paper presents a novel framework, called PLANTOR (PLanning with Natural language for Task-Oriented Robots), that integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) with Prolog-based knowledge management and planning for multi-robot tasks. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Enrico Saccon , Ahmet Tikna , Davide De Martini , Edoardo Lamon , Luigi Palopoli , Marco Roveri

Recent works have shown great potentials of Large Language Models (LLMs) in robot task and motion planning (TAMP). Current LLM approaches generate text- or code-based reasoning chains with sub-goals and action plans. However, they do not…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yongchao Chen , Yilun Hao , Yang Zhang , Chuchu Fan

Robot end users increasingly require accessible means of specifying tasks for robots to perform. Two common end-user programming paradigms include drag-and-drop interfaces and natural language programming. Although natural language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 David Porfirio , Vincent Hsiao , Morgan Fine-Morris , Leslie Smith , Laura M. Hiatt

A robot as a coworker or a cohabitant is becoming mainstream day-by-day with the development of low-cost sophisticated hardware. However, an accompanying software stack that can aid the usability of the robotic hardware remains the…

Video procedure planning, i.e., planning a sequence of action steps given the video frames of start and goal states, is an essential ability for embodied AI. Recent works utilize Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate enriched action step…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Dejie Yang , Zijing Zhao , Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly in recent years, demonstrating strong capabilities in problem comprehension and reasoning. Inspired by these developments, researchers have begun exploring the use of LLMs as decentralized…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Peihan Li , Lifeng Zhou