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Hydrogen produced through electrolysis with renewable power is considered key to decarbonize several hard-to-electrify sectors. This work proposes a novel approach to model the active electricity market participation of co-located renewable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-03 Andrea Gloppen Johnsen , Lesia Mitridati , Jalal Kazempour , Line Roald

The rapid expansion of renewable energy sources has introduced significant volatility and unpredictability in the energy supply chain, necessitating advanced control strategies to ensure grid stability and reliability. Green hydrogen…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Vincent Henkel , Lukas Peter Wagner , Felix Gehlhoff , Alexander Fay

As the transition to sustainable power generation progresses, green hydrogen production via electrolysis is expected to gain importance as a means for energy storage and flexible load to complement variable renewable generation. With the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-30 Angelina Lesniak , Andrea Gloppen Johnsen , Noah Rhodes , Line Roald

The cost competitiveness of green hydrogen production via electrolysis presents a significant challenge for its large-scale adoption. One potential solution to make electrolyzers profitable is to diversify their products and participate in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-14 Marco Saretta , Enrica Raheli , Jalal Kazempour

Hydrogen produced through electrolysis offers a pathway to decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors by replacing gray hydrogen derived from natural gas reforming when produced using renewable power. However, grid-connected electrolyzers may…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Andrea Gloppen Johnsen , Lesia Mitridati , Jalal Kazempour , Line Roald

In the global pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, mitigating carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions stands as a pivotal challenge. With escalating atmospheric CO2 levels, the imperative of direct air capture (DAC) systems becomes evident.…

General Economics · Economics 2024-10-22 Sunwoo Kim , Joungho Park , Jay H. Lee

This study evaluates the role of grid-connected hydrogen electrolyzers in advancing a cost-effective and in particular an equitable green hydrogen industry in Kenya to serve both domestic and international needs and markets. Using a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-22 Xi Xi , Boniface Kinyanjui , Daniel M. Kammen

Hybrid power plants comprising renewable power sources and electrolyzers are envisioned to play a key role in accelerating the transition towards decarbonization. It is common in the current literature to use simplified operational models…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-14 Manuel Tobias Baumhof , Enrica Raheli , Andrea Gloppen Johnsen , Jalal Kazempour

European energy markets are decentralized and entail balance responsibility of each market player. This stresses the importance of imbalance management of renewable energy sources (RES), as the imbalance payments can strongly reduce their…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-10 Petra Draskovic , Ivan Pavic , Karlo Sepetanc , Hrvoje Pandzic

In response to the global shift towards renewable energy resources, the production of green hydrogen through electrolysis is emerging as a promising solution. Modular electrolysis plants, designed for flexibility and scalability, offer a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-11 Vincent Henkel , Maximilian Kilthau , Felix Gehlhoff , Lukas Wagner , Alexander Fay

In the conversion toward a clear and sustainable energy system, the flexibility of power-to-hydrogen (P2H) production enables the admittance of volatile renewable energies on a utility scale and provides the connected electrical power…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-05 Yiwei Qiu , Buxiang Zhou , Tianlei Zang , Yi Zhou , Shi Chen , Ruomei Qi , Jiarong Li , Jin Lin

We study the optimal green hydrogen production and energy market participation of a renewable-colocated hydrogen producer (RCHP) that utilizes onsite renewable generation for both hydrogen production and grid services. Under deterministic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-13 Siying Li , Lang Tong , Timothy Mount , Kanchan Upadhyay , Harris Eisenhardt , Pradip Kumar

Optimal scheduling of hydrogen production in dynamic pricing power market can maximize the profit of hydrogen producer; however, it highly depends on the accurate forecast of hydrogen consumption. In this paper, we propose a deep leaning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-23 Yusheng Luo , Min Xian , Manish Mohanpurkar , Bishnu P. Bhattarai , Anudeep Medam , Rahul Kadavil , Rob Hovsapian

We present a techno-economic optimization model for evaluating the design and operation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, crucial for hydrogen production powered by variable renewable electricity. This model integrates a 0-D…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-14 Landon Schofield , Benjamin Paren , Ruaridh Macdonald , Yang Shao-Horn , Dharik Mallapragada

Industrial electricity consumers with flexible demand can profit by adjusting their load to short-term prices and by providing balancing services to the grid. Markets which support this kind of short-term position adjustment are the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-20 E. Finhold , C. Gärtner , R. Grindel , T. Heller , N. Leithäuser , E. Röger , F. Schirra

Although primarily designed for hydrogen production, electrolyzers can support power systems by providing various ancillary services, opening new revenue streams that enhance their economic viability. This paper investigates the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-07 Andrea Gloppen Johnsen , Lesia Mitridati , Donato Zarrilli , Jalal Kazempour

This paper proposes a power system architecture and control for efficient and low-cost green hydrogen production. The proposed system integrates photovoltaic (PV) sources directly with an electrolyser stack, thereby eliminating the need for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Aymeric Fabre , Glen Farivar , Andre Chambers

Integrating external heat into electrolysers can reduce the electrical power demand for carbon-neutral hydrogen production. Efficient operation requires detailed models that incorporate heat availability and its effect on startup costs.…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-07-11 Matthias Derez , Alexander Hoogsteyn , Erik Delarue

Amid global interest in resilient energy systems, green hydrogen is considered vital to the net-zero transition, yet its deployment remains limited by high production cost. The cost is determined by the its production pathway, system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Merlinda Andoni , Benoit Couraud , Valentin Robu , Jamie Blanche , Sonam Norbu , Si Chen , Satria Putra Kanugrahan , David Flynn

The energy transition requires flexible technologies to maintain grid stability, and electrolyzers are playing an increasingly important role in meeting this need. While previous studies often question the dynamic capabilities of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Marvin Dorn , Julian Hoffmann , André Weber , Veit Hagenmeyer
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