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Large Language Models (LLM) often need to be Continual Pre-Trained (CPT) to obtain unfamiliar language skills or adapt to new domains. The huge training cost of CPT often asks for cautious choice of key hyper-parameters such as the mixture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ningyuan Xi , Yetao Wu , Kun Fan , Teng Chen , Qingqing Gu , Luo Ji

Recent advances have enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle reasoning tasks by generating chain-of-thought (CoT) rationales, yet these gains have largely applied to high-resource languages, leaving low-resource languages behind. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Khanh-Tung Tran , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, Gemini, LlaMa, and Claude are trained on massive quantities of text parsed from the internet and have shown a remarkable ability to respond to complex prompts in a manner often indistinguishable…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-01 Darui Lu , Yang Deng , Jordan M. Malof , Willie J. Padilla

Fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) for downstream tasks, performed on domain-specific data has shown significant promise. However, commercial use of such LLMs is limited by the high computational cost required for their deployment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Boris Nazarov , Darya Frolova , Yackov Lubarsky , Alexei Gaissinski , Pavel Kisilev

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone in Natural Language Processing (NLP), achieving impressive performance in text generation. Their token-level representations capture rich, human-aligned semantics. However, pooling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Benedikt Roth , Stephan Rappensperger , Tianming Qiu , Hamza Imamović , Julian Wörmann , Hao Shen

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable breakthroughs, revolutionizing the natural language processing domain and beyond. Due to immense parameter sizes, fine-tuning these models with private data for diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Zheng Lin , Yuxin Zhang , Zhe Chen , Zihan Fang , Xianhao Chen , Praneeth Vepakomma , Wei Ni , Jun Luo , Yue Gao

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable multilingual capabilities despite English-dominated pre-training, attributed to cross-lingual mechanisms during pre-training. Existing methods for enhancing cross-lingual transfer remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Linjuan Wu , Haoran Wei , Huan Lin , Tianhao Li , Baosong Yang , Fei Huang , Weiming Lu

Protein language models (PLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in learning relationships between protein sequences and functions. However, finetuning these large models requires substantial computational resources, often with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shuo Zhang , Jian K. Liu

The capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in low-resource languages lag far behind those in English, making their universal accessibility a significant challenge. To alleviate this, we present $\textit{Franken-Adapter}$, a modular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Fan Jiang , Honglin Yu , Grace Chung , Trevor Cohn

Large Language Models (LLMs) often require domain-specific fine-tuning to address targeted tasks, which risks degrading their general capabilities. Maintaining a balance between domain-specific enhancements and general model utility is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jun Rao , Zepeng Lin , Xuebo Liu , Xiaopeng Ke , Lian Lian , Dong Jin , Shengjun Cheng , Jun Yu , Min Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are routinely pre-trained on billions of tokens, only to start the process over again once new data becomes available. A much more efficient solution is to continually pre-train these models, saving significant…

While large language models (LLMs) often adopt finetuning to unlock their capabilities for downstream applications, our understanding on the inductive biases (especially the scaling properties) of different finetuning methods is still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Biao Zhang , Zhongtao Liu , Colin Cherry , Orhan Firat

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT demonstrate strong few-shot adaptability without requiring fine-tuning, positioning them ideal for data-limited and real-time applications. However, this adaptability has not yet been replicated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Zixuan Hu , Yongxian Wei , Li Shen , Chun Yuan , Dacheng Tao

Training LLMs for low-resource languages usually utilizes data augmentation from English using machine translation (MT). This, however, brings a number of challenges to LLM training: there are large costs attached to translating and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Sabri Boughorbel , MD Rizwan Parvez , Majd Hawasly

Participant recruitment based on unstructured medical texts such as clinical notes and radiology reports has been a challenging yet important task for the cohort establishment in clinical research. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Zihan Guan , Zihao Wu , Zhengliang Liu , Dufan Wu , Hui Ren , Quanzheng Li , Xiang Li , Ninghao Liu

Transformer language models (TLMs) are critical for most NLP tasks, but they are difficult to create for low-resource languages because of how much pretraining data they require. In this work, we investigate two techniques for training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Luke Gessler , Amir Zeldes

Adapting Large Language Models for Recommendation (LLM4Rec) has shown promising results. However, the challenges of deploying LLM4Rec in real-world scenarios remain largely unexplored. In particular, recommender models need incremental…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Tianhao Shi , Yang Zhang , Zhijian Xu , Chong Chen , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He , Qi Tian

This study explores the fine-tuning (FT) of the Open Pre-trained Transformer (OPT-125M) for grammatical acceptability tasks using the CoLA dataset. By comparing Vanilla-Fine-Tuning (VFT), Pattern-Based-Fine-Tuning (PBFT), and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Shobhit Ratan , Farley Knight , Ghada Jerfel , Sze Chung Ho

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed both everyday life and scientific research. However, adapting LLMs from general-purpose models to specialized tasks remains challenging, particularly in resource-constrained environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hao Zhang , Bo Huang , Zhenjia Li , Xi Xiao , Hui Yi Leong , Zumeng Zhang , Xinwei Long , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a popular Parameter Efficient Fine Tuning (PEFT) method that effectively adapts large pre-trained models for downstream tasks. LoRA parameterizes model updates using low-rank matrices at each layer,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ignacio Hounie , Charilaos Kanatsoulis , Arnuv Tandon , Alejandro Ribeiro