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Steering or intervening on model representations at inference time to correct predictions is essential for AI interpretability and safety, yet existing evaluation protocols are limited to ambiguous language modeling tasks. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Vladimir Zaigrajew , Dawid Pludowski , Hubert Baniecki , Przemyslaw Biecek

This paper investigates whether large-scale GNSS spoofing activity can be inferred from maritime Automatic Identification System (AIS) position reports. A data-processing framework, called SeaSpoofFinder, available here:…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-23 Jón Winkel , Tom Willems , Cillian O'Driscoll , Ignacio Fernandez-Hernandez

Face spoofing causes severe security threats in face recognition systems. Previous anti-spoofing works focused on supervised techniques, typically with either binary or auxiliary supervision. Most of them suffer from limited robustness and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Chengwei Chen , Wang Yuan , Xuequan Lu , Lizhuang Ma

In a spoofing attack, an attacker impersonates a legitimate user to access or tamper with data intended for or produced by the legitimate user. In wireless communication systems, these attacks may be detected by relying on features of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Daniel Romero , Peter Gerstoft , Hadi Givehchian , Dinesh Bharadia

Earth observation foundation models have shown strong generalization across multiple Earth observation tasks, but their robustness under real-world perturbations remains underexplored. To bridge this gap, we introduce REOBench, the first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Xiang Li , Yong Tao , Siyuan Zhang , Siwei Liu , Zhitong Xiong , Chunbo Luo , Lu Liu , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Xiao Xiang Zhu , Tianjin Huang

We propose an explainable probabilistic framework for characterizing spoofed speech by decomposing it into probabilistic attribute embeddings. Unlike raw high-dimensional countermeasure embeddings, which lack interpretability, the proposed…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Jagabandhu Mishra , Manasi Chhibber , Hye-jin Shim , Tomi H. Kinnunen

Multi-branch deep neural networks like AASIST3 achieve state-of-the-art comparable performance in audio anti-spoofing, yet their internal decision dynamics remain opaque compared to traditional input-level saliency methods. While existing…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Ivan Viakhirev , Kirill Borodin , Mikhail Gorodnichev , Grach Mkrtchian

Spoof diarization identifies ``what spoofed when" in a given speech by temporally locating spoofed regions and determining their manipulation techniques. As a first step toward this task, prior work proposed a two-branch model for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-17 Kyo-Won Koo , Chan-yeong Lim , Jee-weon Jung , Hye-jin Shim , Ha-Jin Yu

The increasing reliance on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), particularly the Global Positioning System (GPS), underscores the urgent need to safeguard these technologies against malicious threats such as spoofing and jamming. As…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ali Ghanbarzade , Hossein Soleimani

For the safe and successful navigation of autonomous vehicles in unstructured environments, the traversability of terrain should vary based on the driving capabilities of the vehicles. Actual driving experience can be utilized in a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Junwon Seo , Taekyung Kim , Kiho Kwak , Jihong Min , Inwook Shim

We propose a novel approach for spoofed speech characterization through explainable probabilistic attribute embeddings. In contrast to high-dimensional raw embeddings extracted from a spoofing countermeasure (CM) whose dimensions are not…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-18 Manasi Chhibber , Jagabandhu Mishra , Hyejin Shim , Tomi H. Kinnunen

In a spoofing attack, an attacker impersonates a legitimate user to access or modify data belonging to the latter. Typical approaches for spoofing detection in the physical layer declare an attack when a change is observed in certain…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-18 Daniel Romero , Tien Ngoc Ha , Peter Gerstoft

In this paper, we validate the performance of the a sensor fusion-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) spoofing attack detection framework for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). To collect data, a vehicle equipped with a GNSS receiver,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Sagar Dasgupta , Kazi Hassan Shakib , Mizanur Rahman

Despite significant progress in designing powerful adversarial evasion attacks for robustness verification, the evaluation of these methods often remains inconsistent and unreliable. Many assessments rely on mismatched models, unverified…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Antonio Emanuele Cinà , Maura Pintor , Luca Demetrio , Ambra Demontis , Battista Biggio , Fabio Roli

The human-robot interaction (HRI) community has developed many methods for robots to navigate safely and socially alongside humans. However, experimental procedures to evaluate these works are usually constructed on a per-method basis. Such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Abhijat Biswas , Allan Wang , Gustavo Silvera , Aaron Steinfeld , Henny Admoni

Recently, RobustBench (Croce et al. 2020) has become a widely recognized benchmark for the adversarial robustness of image classification networks. In its most commonly reported sub-task, RobustBench evaluates and ranks the adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Peter Lorenz , Dominik Strassel , Margret Keuper , Janis Keuper

In applied machine learning, concept drift, which is either gradual or abrupt changes in data distribution, can significantly reduce model performance. Typical detection methods,such as statistical tests or reconstruction-based models,are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 N Harshit , K Mounvik

Automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems are often affected by spoofing attacks. Recent transformer-based models have improved anti-spoofing performance by learning strong feature representations. However, these models usually need high…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-14 Yang Xiao , Ting Dang , Rohan Kumar Das

Automatic speaker verification, like every other biometric system, is vulnerable to spoofing attacks. Using only a few minutes of recorded voice of a genuine client of a speaker verification system, attackers can develop a variety of…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Balamurali BT , Kin Wah Edward Lin , Simon Lui , Jer-Ming Chen , Dorien Herremans

Detecting spoofing attacks to Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellite systems is a cornerstone to assessing the authenticity of the received information and guaranteeing robust service delivery in several application domains. The solutions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jos Wigchert , Savio Sciancalepore , Gabriele Oligeri