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Speculative decoding has become the standard approach for accelerating Large Language Model (LLM) inference. It exploits a lossless draft-then-verify procedure to circumvent the latency of autoregressive decoding, achieving impressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Jameson Sandler , Jacob K. Christopher , Thomas Hartvigsen , Ferdinando Fioretto

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in integrating visual and linguistic information, but their performance is often constrained by the need for extensive, high-quality image-text training data. Curation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Giorgio Giannone , Ruoteng Li , Qianli Feng , Evgeny Perevodchikov , Rui Chen , Aleix Martinez

Massive parameters of LLMs have made inference latency a fundamental bottleneck. Speculative decoding represents a lossless approach to accelerate inference through a guess-and-verify paradigm. Some methods rely on additional architectures…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xianzhen Luo , Yixuan Wang , Qingfu Zhu , Zhiming Zhang , Xuanyu Zhang , Qing Yang , Dongliang Xu

Speculative decoding (SD) has been demonstrated as an effective technique for lossless LLM inference acceleration. Retrieval-based SD methods, one kind of model-free method, have yielded promising speedup, but they often rely on incomplete…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yuxuan Hu , Ke Wang , Xiaokang Zhang , Fanjin Zhang , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen , Jing Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become an indispensable part of natural language processing tasks. However, autoregressive sampling has become an efficiency bottleneck. Multi-Draft Speculative Decoding (MDSD) is a recent approach where,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zhengmian Hu , Tong Zheng , Vignesh Viswanathan , Ziyi Chen , Ryan A. Rossi , Yihan Wu , Dinesh Manocha , Heng Huang

The integration of visual inputs with large language models (LLMs) has led to remarkable advancements in multi-modal capabilities, giving rise to visual large language models (VLLMs). However, effectively harnessing VLLMs for intricate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Renjie Pi , Lewei Yao , Jiahui Gao , Jipeng Zhang , Tong Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks. However, their widespread application is hindered by the resource-intensive decoding process. To address this challenge, current approaches have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Ziqian Zeng , Jiahong Yu , Qianshi Pang , Zihao Wang , Huiping Zhuang , Hongen Shao , Xiaofeng Zou

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) generate text by iteratively denoising masked token sequences. Although dLLMs can predict all masked positions in parallel within each step, the large number of denoising iterations still makes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Shengyin Sun , Yiming Li , Renxi Liu , Xinqi Li , Hui-Ling Zhen , Weizhe Lin , Chen Chen , Xianzhi Yu , Mingxuan Yuan , Chen Ma

Speculative Decoding (SD) accelerates autoregressive large language model (LLM) inference by decoupling generation and verification. While recent methods improve draft quality by tightly coupling the drafter with the target model, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jingwei Song , Xinyu Wang , Hanbin Wang , Xiaoxuan Lei , Bill Shi , Shixin Han , Eric Yang , Xiao-Wen Chang , Lynn Ai

Vision-language model (VLM) embeddings have been shown to encode biases present in their training data, such as societal biases that prescribe negative characteristics to members of various racial and gender identities. VLMs are being…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Walter Gerych , Haoran Zhang , Kimia Hamidieh , Eileen Pan , Maanas Sharma , Thomas Hartvigsen , Marzyeh Ghassemi

A well-known dilemma in large vision-language models (e.g., GPT-4, LLaVA) is that while increasing the number of vision tokens generally enhances visual understanding, it also significantly raises memory and computational costs, especially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Shiwei Wu , Joya Chen , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Qimeng Wang , Yan Gao , Qianli Xu , Tong Xu , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen , Mike Zheng Shou

This technical report describes the design and training of novel speculative decoding draft models, for accelerating the inference speeds of large language models in a production environment. By conditioning draft predictions on both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Davis Wertheimer , Joshua Rosenkranz , Thomas Parnell , Sahil Suneja , Pavithra Ranganathan , Raghu Ganti , Mudhakar Srivatsa

Autoregressive decoding in large language models (LLMs) requires $\mathcal{O}(n)$ sequential steps for $n$ tokens, fundamentally limiting inference throughput. Recent diffusion-based LLMs (dLLMs) enable parallel token generation through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Wenrui Bao , Zhiben Chen , Dan Xu , Yuzhang Shang

Masked Diffusion Language Models (MDLMs) enable parallel token decoding, providing a promising alternative to the sequential nature of autoregressive generation. However, their iterative denoising process remains computationally expensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Younjoo Lee , Junghoo Lee , Seungkyun Dan , Jaiyoung Park , Jung Ho Ahn

Large multimodal models (LMMs) suffer significant computational challenges due to the high cost of Large Language Models (LLMs) and the quadratic complexity of processing long vision token sequences. In this paper, we explore the spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hao Tang , Chengchao Shen

Speculative decoding is an emerging technique that accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by allowing a smaller draft model to predict multiple tokens in advance, which are then verified or corrected by a larger target model. In…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-10 Ce Zheng , Tingting Yang

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) are emerging as a promising alternative to autoregressive models (ARMs) due to their ability to capture bidirectional context and the potential for parallel generation. Despite the advantages, dLLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zijian Zhu , Fei Ren , Zhanhong Tan , Kaisheng Ma

Speculative decoding (SD), where a draft model provides multiple candidate tokens for the target model to verify in parallel, has demonstrated significant potential for accelerating LLM inference. Yet, existing SD approaches adhere to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Enyu Zhou , Kai Sheng , Hao Chen , Xin He

This research aims to accelerate the inference speed of large language models (LLMs) with billions of parameters. We propose \textbf{S}mart \textbf{P}arallel \textbf{A}uto-\textbf{C}orrect d\textbf{E}coding (SPACE), an innovative approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Hanling Yi , Feng Lin , Hongbin Li , Peiyang Ning , Xiaotian Yu , Rong Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities across various applications but encounter substantial challenges such as high inference latency, considerable training costs, and the generation of hallucinations. Collaborative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Kaiyan Zhang , Jianyu Wang , Ning Ding , Biqing Qi , Ermo Hua , Xingtai Lv , Bowen Zhou