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Modern processors can offer hardware primitives that allow a process to run in isolation. These primitives implement a trusted execution environment (TEE) in which a program can run such that the integrity and confidentiality of its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Pedro Antonino , Wojciech Aleksander Wołoszyn , A. W. Roscoe

Oblivious RAM (ORAM) hides the memory access patterns, enhancing data privacy by preventing attackers from discovering sensitive information based on the sequence of memory accesses. The performance of ORAM is often limited by its inherent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Haojie Ye , Yuchen Xia , Yuhan Chen , Kuan-Yu Chen , Yichao Yuan , Shuwen Deng , Baris Kasikci , Trevor Mudge , Nishil Talati

Realm Management Monitor (RMM) is an essential firmware component within the recent Arm Confidential Computing Architecture (Arm CCA). Previous work applies formal techniques to verify the specification and prototype reference…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Tong Wu , Shale Xiong , Edoardo Manino , Gareth Stockwell , Lucas C. Cordeiro

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables computation directly on encrypted data but incurs massive computational and memory overheads, often exceeding plaintext execution by several orders of magnitude. While custom ASIC accelerators can…

Recent advances in Transformer models, e.g., large language models (LLMs), have brought tremendous breakthroughs in various artificial intelligence (AI) tasks, leading to their wide applications in many security-critical domains. Due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Jiaqi Xue , Yifei Zhao , Mengxin Zheng , Fan Yao , Yan Solihin , Qian Lou

Verifying computational processes in decentralized networks poses a fundamental challenge, particularly for Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) computations. Our investigation reveals significant limitations in existing approaches: exact…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Eric Boniardi , Stanley Bishop , Alison Haire

Oblivious RAM (ORAM) is a provable secure primitive to prevent access pattern leakage on the memory bus. It serves as the intermediate layer between the trusted on-chip components and the untrusted external memory systems to modulate the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Gang Liu , Kenli Li , Zheng Xiao , Rujia Wang

Firmware serves as a foundational software layer in modern computers, initiating as the first code executed on platform hardware, similar in function to a minimal operating system. Defined as a software interface between an operating system…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Mahsa Farahani , Ghazal Shenavar , Ali Hosseinghorban , Alireza Ejlali

In TrustZone-assisted TEEs, the trusted OS has unrestricted access to both secure and normal world memory. Unfortunately, this architectural limitation has opened an aisle of exploration for attackers, which have demonstrated how to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-03 David Cerdeira , José Martins , Nuno Santos , Sandro Pinto

Fault attacks enable adversaries to manipulate the control-flow of security-critical applications. By inducing targeted faults into the CPU, the software's call graph can be escaped and the control-flow can be redirected to arbitrary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Pascal Nasahl , Salmin Sultana , Hans Liljestrand , Karanvir Grewal , Michael LeMay , David M. Durham , David Schrammel , Stefan Mangard

Electromagnetic fault injection (EMFI) is a well known technique used to disturb the behaviour of a chip for weakening its security. These attacks are mostly done on simple microcontrollers. On these targets, the fault effects are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Thomas Trouchkine , Sébanjila Kevin Bukasa , Mathieu Escouteloup , Ronan Lashermes , Guillaume Bouffard

Fuzzing is one of the most effective approaches to finding software flaws. However, applying it to microcontroller firmware incurs many challenges. For example, rehosting-based solutions cannot accurately model peripheral behaviors and thus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Wenqiang Li , Jiameng Shi , Fengjun Li , Jingqiang Lin , Wei Wang , Le Guan

Regulations increasingly call for various assurances from machine learning (ML) model providers about their training data, training process, and model behavior. For better transparency, industry (e.g., Huggingface and Google) has adopted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Vasisht Duddu , Oskari Järvinen , Lachlan J Gunn , N Asokan

Privacy-preserving machine learning has become an important long-term pursuit in this era of artificial intelligence (AI). Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a uniquely promising solution, offering provable privacy and security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Cory Brynds , Parker McLeod , Lauren Caccamise , Asmita Pal , Dewan Saiham , Sazadur Rahman , Joshua San Miguel , Di Wu

Quantum random access memory (QRAM) is a critical primitive for quantum algorithms that require data lookup in superposition, but its lack of fault tolerance poses a major obstacle to practical deployment. Error filtration (EF) has been…

The security of cloud field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) faces challenges from untrusted users attempting fault and side-channel attacks through malicious circuit configurations. Fault injection attacks can result in denial of service,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Lilas Alrahis , Hassan Nassar , Jonas Krautter , Dennis Gnad , Lars Bauer , Jorg Henkel , Mehdi Tahoori

Binary program analysis represents a fundamental pillar of modern system security. Fine-grained methodologies like dynamic taint analysis still suffer from deployment complexity and performance overhead despite significant progress.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zhangbo Long , Letian Sha , Jiaye Pan , Haiping Huang , Dongpeng Xu , Yifei Huang , Fu Xiao

The USB protocol has become ubiquitous, supporting devices from high-powered computing devices to small embedded devices and control systems. USB's greatest feature, its openness and expandability, is also its weakness, and attacks such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-19 Grant Hernandez , Farhaan Fowze , Dave Tian , Tuba Yavuz , Kevin R. B. Butler

Since the 2000's, an increased number of nanosatellites have accessed space. However, studies show that the number of unsuccessful nanosatellite missions is very expressive. Moreover, these statistics are correlated to poor verification and…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Carlos Leandro Gomes Batista , André Corsetti , Fátima Mattiello-Francisco

Microcontroller-based embedded systems are vital in daily life, but are especially vulnerable to control-flow hijacking attacks due to hardware and software constraints. Control-Flow Attestation (CFA) aims to precisely attest the execution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Md Armanuzzaman , Engin Kirda , Ziming Zhao