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The causal effect of a treatment can vary from person to person based on their individual characteristics and predispositions. Mining for patterns of individual-level effect differences, a problem known as heterogeneous treatment effect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Christopher Tran , Elena Zheleva

The widespread application of Electronic Health Records (EHR) data in the medical field has led to early successes in disease risk prediction using deep learning methods. These methods typically require extensive data for training due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Shibo Li , Hengliang Cheng , Weihua Li

We propose TAMER, a Test-time Adaptive MoE-driven framework for Electronic Health Record (EHR) Representation learning. TAMER introduces a framework where a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture is co-designed with Test-Time Adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Yinghao Zhu , Xiaochen Zheng , Ahmed Allam , Michael Krauthammer

Heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) based on patients' genetic or clinical factors are of significant interest to precision medicine. Simultaneously modeling HTE and corresponding main effects for randomized clinical trials with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-06 Heng Chen , Michael L. LeBlanc , James Y. Dai

In the new era of personalization, learning the heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) becomes an inevitable trend with numerous applications. Yet, most existing HTE estimation methods focus on independently and identically distributed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-31 Ye Shen , Runzhe Wan , Hengrui Cai , Rui Song

Evaluating lesion progression and treatment response via longitudinal lesion tracking plays a critical role in clinical practice. Automated approaches for this task are motivated by prohibitive labor costs and time consumption when lesion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Wen Tang , Han Kang , Haoyue Zhang , Pengxin Yu , Corey W. Arnold , Rongguo Zhang

Empirical studies using Regression Discontinuity (RD) designs often explore heterogeneous treatment effects based on pretreatment covariates, even though no formal statistical methods exist for such analyses. This has led to the widespread…

The paper proposes a causal supervised machine learning algorithm to uncover treatment effect heterogeneity in sharp and fuzzy regression discontinuity (RD) designs. We develop a criterion for building an honest ``regression discontinuity…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-09-01 Ágoston Reguly

Many rare diseases offer limited established treatment options, leading patients to switch therapies when new medications emerge. To analyze the impact of such treatment switches within the low sample size limitations of rare disease…

There is growing interest in estimating and analyzing heterogeneous treatment effects in experimental and observational studies. We describe a number of meta-algorithms that can take advantage of any supervised learning or regression method…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-18 Sören R. Künzel , Jasjeet S. Sekhon , Peter J. Bickel , Bin Yu

Developing new drugs for target diseases is a time-consuming and expensive task, drug repurposing has become a popular topic in the drug development field. As much health claim data become available, many studies have been conducted on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Yaobin Ling , Pulakesh Upadhyaya , Luyao Chen , Xiaoqian Jiang , Yejin Kim

Recurrent neural networks are effective models to process sequences. However, they are unable to learn long-term dependencies because of their inherent sequential nature. As a solution, Vaswani et al. introduced the Transformer, a model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Quentin Fournier , Gaétan Marceau Caron , Daniel Aloise

Retentive Network (RetNet) represents a significant advancement in neural network architecture, offering an efficient alternative to the Transformer. While Transformers rely on self-attention to model dependencies, they suffer from high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Haiqi Yang , Zhiyuan Li , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Heterogeneous treatment effect models allow us to compare treatments at subgroup and individual levels, and are of increasing popularity in applications like personalized medicine, advertising, and education. In this talk, we first survey…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-28 Zijun Gao , Trevor Hastie

Inferring unbiased treatment effects has received widespread attention in the machine learning community. In recent years, our community has proposed numerous solutions in standard settings, high-dimensional treatment settings, and even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Krzysztof Kacprzyk , Samuel Holt , Jeroen Berrevoets , Zhaozhi Qian , Mihaela van der Schaar

Treatment effect estimation, which refers to the estimation of causal effects and aims to measure the strength of the causal relationship, is of great importance in many fields but is a challenging problem in practice. As present,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Zhenyu Guo , Shuai Zheng , Zhizhe Liu , Kun Yan , Zhenfeng Zhu

Recurrent Neural Networks have long been the dominating choice for sequence modeling. However, it severely suffers from two issues: impotent in capturing very long-term dependencies and unable to parallelize the sequential computation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Zhiwei Wang , Yao Ma , Zitao Liu , Jiliang Tang

Training reinforcement learning agents that continually learn across multiple environments is a challenging problem. This is made more difficult by a lack of reproducible experiments and standard metrics for comparing different continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Neil Fendley , Cash Costello , Eric Nguyen , Gino Perrotta , Corey Lowman

Learning feature interaction is the critical backbone to building recommender systems. In web-scale applications, learning feature interaction is extremely challenging due to the sparse and large input feature space; meanwhile, manually…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Huan Gui , Ruoxi Wang , Ke Yin , Long Jin , Maciej Kula , Taibai Xu , Lichan Hong , Ed H. Chi

Time-series data in real-world medical settings typically exhibit long-range dependencies and are observed at non-uniform intervals. In such contexts, traditional sequence-based recurrent models struggle. To overcome this, researchers…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-18 Fernando Moreno-Pino , Álvaro Arroyo , Harrison Waldon , Xiaowen Dong , Álvaro Cartea