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This paper describes a novel study on using `Attention Mask' input in transformers and using this approach for detecting offensive content in both English and Persian languages. The paper's principal focus is to suggest a methodology to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Peyman Alavi , Pouria Nikvand , Mehrnoush Shamsfard

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance on complex reasoning tasks. However, despite their strong reasoning capabilities in high-resource languages (e.g., English and Chinese), a significant performance gap persists…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Hyunwoo Ko , Guijin Son , Dasol Choi

Recent research has investigated the problem of detecting machine-generated essays for academic purposes. To address this challenge, this research utilizes pre-trained, transformer-based models fine-tuned on Arabic and English academic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Mohammad AL-Smadi

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform exceedingly well in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks for many languages including English. However, despite being the fifth most-spoken language globally, Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Pramit Bhattacharyya , Arnab Bhattacharya

While automatic metrics drive progress in Machine Translation (MT) and Text Summarization (TS), existing metrics have been developed and validated almost exclusively for English and other high-resource languages. This narrow focus leaves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Amir Hossein Yari , Kalmit Kulkarni , Ahmad Raza Khan , Fajri Koto

This paper presents an approach based on supervised machine learning methods to build a classifier that can identify text complexity in order to present Arabic language learners with texts suitable to their levels. The approach is based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Sadik Bessou , Ghozlane Chenni

Social networking platforms provide a conduit to disseminate our ideas, views and thoughts and proliferate information. This has led to the amalgamation of English with natively spoken languages. Prevalence of Hindi-English code-mixed data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Ananya Srivastava , Mohammed Hasan , Bhargav Yagnik , Rahee Walambe , Ketan Kotecha

Detecting ambiguity is important for language understanding, including uncertainty estimation, humour detection, and processing garden path sentences. We assess language models' sensitivity to ambiguity by introducing an adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Antonia Karamolegkou , Oliver Eberle , Phillip Rust , Carina Kauf , Anders Søgaard

Natural language processing (NLP) techniques have become mainstream in the recent decade. Most of these advances are attributed to the processing of a single language. More recently, with the extensive growth of social media platforms focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Ramchandra Joshi , Raviraj Joshi

The Latin script is often used to informally write languages with non-Latin native scripts. In many cases (e.g., most languages in India), the lack of conventional spelling in the Latin script results in high spelling variability. Such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Adrian Benton , Alexander Gutkin , Christo Kirov , Brian Roark

Reading comprehension is a key for individual success, yet the assessment of question difficulty remains challenging due to the extensive human annotation and large-scale testing required by traditional methods such as linguistic analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yoshee Jain , John Hollander , Amber He , Sunny Tang , Liang Zhang , John Sabatini

Sarcasm detection, as a crucial research direction in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), has attracted widespread attention. Traditional sarcasm detection tasks have typically focused on single-modal approaches (e.g., text),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Yazhou Zhang , Chunwang Zou , Bo Wang , Jing Qin

Digital platforms have an ever-expanding user base, and act as a hub for communication, business, and connectivity. However, this has also allowed for the spread of hate speech and misogyny. Artificial intelligence models have emerged as an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Sargam Yadav , Abhishek Kaushik , Kevin Mc Daid

Identifying and resolving logic errors can be one of the most frustrating challenges for novices programmers. Unlike syntax errors, for which a compiler or interpreter can issue a message, logic errors can be subtle. In certain conditions,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Stephen MacNeil , Paul Denny , Andrew Tran , Juho Leinonen , Seth Bernstein , Arto Hellas , Sami Sarsa , Joanne Kim

Document level Urdu Sentiment Analysis (SA) is a challenging Natural Language Processing (NLP) task as it deals with large documents in a resource-poor language. In large documents, there are ample amounts of words that exhibit different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Ammarah Irum , M. Ali Tahir

LLMs are predominantly trained on English data, which leads to a significant drop in performance on low-resource languages. Understanding how LLMs handle these languages is crucial for improving their effectiveness. This study focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Taaha Saleem Bajwa

This paper presents an in-depth investigation of the effectiveness of dependency-based syntactic features on the irony detection task in a multilingual perspective (English, Spanish, French and Italian). It focuses on the contribution from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Alessandra Teresa Cignarella , Valerio Basile , Manuela Sanguinetti , Cristina Bosco , Paolo Rosso , Farah Benamara

Hate speech detection in low-resource languages like Telugu is a growing challenge in NLP. This study investigates transformer-based models, including TeluguHateBERT, HateBERT, DeBERTa, Muril, IndicBERT, Roberta, and Hindi-Abusive-MuRIL,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Santhosh Kakarla , Gautama Shastry Bulusu Venkata

Urdu is a challenging language because of, first, its Perso-Arabic script and second, its morphological system having inherent grammatical forms and vocabulary of Arabic, Persian and the native languages of South Asia. This paper describes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Muhammad Humayoun , Harald Hammarström , Aarne Ranta

A Large Language Model (LLM) tends to generate inconsistent and sometimes contradictory outputs when presented with a prompt that has equivalent semantics but is expressed differently from the original prompt. To achieve semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Jingyuan Yang , Dapeng Chen , Yajing Sun , Rongjun Li , Zhiyong Feng , Wei Peng