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Urdu is a cursive script language and has similarities with Arabic and many other South Asian languages. Urdu is difficult to classify due to its complex geometrical and morphological structure. Character classification can be processed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Sumaiya Fazal , Sheeraz Ahmed

Finding similarities between two inter-language news articles is a challenging problem of Natural Language Processing (NLP). It is difficult to find similar news articles in a different language other than the native language of user, there…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Sameea Naeem , Arif ur Rahman , Syed Mujtaba Haider , Abdul Basit Mughal

With the growth of social media platform influence, the effect of their misuse becomes more and more impactful. The importance of automatic detection of threatening and abusive language can not be overestimated. However, most of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Maaz Amjad , Alisa Zhila , Grigori Sidorov , Andrey Labunets , Sabur Butta , Hamza Imam Amjad , Oxana Vitman , Alexander Gelbukh

In this paper, we reported our experiments with various strategies to improve code-mixed humour and sarcasm detection. Particularly, we tried three approaches: (i) native sample mixing, (ii) multi-task learning (MTL), and (iii) prompting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Debajyoti Mazumder , Aakash Kumar , Jasabanta Patro

Social media platforms are critical spaces for public discourse, shaping opinions and community dynamics, yet their widespread use has amplified harmful content, particularly hate speech, threatening online safety and inclusivity. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Muhammad Usman , Muhammad Ahmad , M. Shahiki Tash , Irina Gelbukh , Rolando Quintero Tellez , Grigori Sidorov

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly mediate human communication, decision support, content creation, and information retrieval. Despite impressive fluency, these systems frequently produce biased or stereotypical content, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Muneeb Ur Raheem Khan

Recent advancements in deep learning have created many opportunities to solve real-world problems that remained unsolved for more than a decade. Automatic caption generation is a major research field, and the research community has done a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Inaam Ilahi , Hafiz Muhammad Abdullah Zia , Muhammad Ahtazaz Ahsan , Rauf Tabassam , Armaghan Ahmed

Machine translation is research based area where evaluation is very important phenomenon for checking the quality of MT output. The work is based on the evaluation of English to Urdu Machine translation. In this research work we have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-10-03 Vaishali Gupta , Nisheeth Joshi , Iti Mathur

Developing a high-performing large language models (LLMs) for low-resource languages such as Urdu, present several challenges. These challenges include the scarcity of high-quality datasets, multilingual inconsistencies, and safety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Muhammad Ali Shafique , Kanwal Mehreen , Muhammad Arham , Maaz Amjad , Sabur Butt , Hamza Farooq

Aiming at the problem of difficulty in accurately identifying graphical implicit correlations in multimodal irony detection tasks, this paper proposes a Semantic Irony Recognition Network (SemIRNet). The model contains three main…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Jingxuan Zhou , Yuehao Wu , Yibo Zhang , Yeyubei Zhang , Yunchong Liu , Bolin Huang , Chunhong Yuan

The increasing accessibility of the internet facilitated social media usage and encouraged individuals to express their opinions liberally. Nevertheless, it also creates a place for content polluters to disseminate offensive posts or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Omar Sharif , Eftekhar Hossain , Mohammed Moshiul Hoque

This paper presents a comparative analysis of Large Language Models (LLMs) and traditional Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems on Urdu newspapers, addressing challenges posed by complex multi-column layouts, low-resolution scans,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Samee Arif , Sualeha Farid

Predicting context-dependent and non-literal utterances like sarcastic and ironic expressions still remains a challenging task in NLP, as it goes beyond linguistic patterns, encompassing common sense and shared knowledge as crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Suzana Ilić , Edison Marrese-Taylor , Jorge A. Balazs , Yutaka Matsuo

Machine translation has gained much attention in recent years. It is a sub-field of computational linguistic which focus on translating text from one language to other language. Among different translation techniques, neural network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Usman Mohy ud Din

For large language models (LLMs) like NLLB and GPT, translating idioms remains a challenge. Our goal is to enhance translation fidelity by improving LLM processing of idiomatic language while preserving the original linguistic style. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Sundesh Donthi , Maximilian Spencer , Om Patel , Joon Doh , Eid Rodan , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien

Despite remarkable progress in large language models, Urdu-a language spoken by over 230 million people-remains critically underrepresented in modern NLP systems. Existing multilingual models demonstrate poor performance on Urdu-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Muhammad Taimoor Hassan , Jawad Ahmed , Muhammad Awais

Across multiple language pairings (English $\to$ \{Spanish, French, German, Mandarin, Japanese, Urdu, Cantonese\}), we find reasoning errors in translation. To quantify how often these reasoning errors occur, we leverage an automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Calvin Bao , Marine Carpuat

The rapid expansion of social media platforms has significantly increased the dissemination of forged content and misinformation, making the detection of fake news a critical area of research. Although fact-checking efforts predominantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Muhammad Islam , Javed Ali Khan , Mohammed Abaker , Ali Daud , Azeem Irshad

The automatic detection of humor poses a grand challenge for natural language processing. Transformer-based systems have recently achieved remarkable results on this task, but they usually (1)~were evaluated in setups where serious vs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Maxime Peyrard , Beatriz Borges , Kristina Gligorić , Robert West

Humor is a fundamental facet of human cognition and interaction. Yet, despite recent advances in natural language processing, humor detection remains a challenging task that is complicated by the scarcity of datasets that pair humorous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Zachary Horvitz , Jingru Chen , Rahul Aditya , Harshvardhan Srivastava , Robert West , Zhou Yu , Kathleen McKeown