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We propose a simple and exact method for the Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows and Makespan objective (\TSPTW-M) that solves all instances of the classical benchmark with $50$ or more customers in less than ten seconds each.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Francisco J. Soulignac

The vehicle routing problem with two-dimensional loading constraints (2L-CVRP) and the last-in-first-out (LIFO) rule presents significant practical and algorithmic challenges. While numerous heuristic approaches have been proposed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Yifan Xia , Xiangyi Zhang

Column generation (CG) is a vital method to solve large-scale problems by dynamically generating variables. It has extensive applications in common combinatorial optimization, such as vehicle routing and scheduling problems, where each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Kuan Xu , Li Shen , Lindong Liu

In This paper we present a genetic algorithm for the multi-pickup and delivery problem with time windows (m-PDPTW). The m-PDPTW is an optimization vehicles routing problem which must meet requests for transport between suppliers and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2010-09-28 Imen Harbaoui Dridi , Ryan Kammarti , Mekki Ksouri , Pierre Borne

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is a fundamental NP-hard problem in logistics. Augmented Lagrangian Methods (ALM) for solving CVRP performance depends heavily on well-tuned penalty parameters. In this paper, we propose a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-09-22 Monit Sharma , Hoong Chuin Lau

Despite enjoying desirable efficiency and reduced reliance on domain expertise, existing neural methods for vehicle routing problems (VRPs) suffer from severe robustness issues -- their performance significantly deteriorates on clean…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jianan Zhou , Yaoxin Wu , Zhiguang Cao , Wen Song , Jie Zhang , Zhiqi Shen

In this paper, we are concerned with the automated exchange of orders between logistics companies in a marketplace platform to optimize total revenues. We introduce a novel multi-agent approach to this problem, focusing on the Collaborative…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Paul Mingzheng Tang , Ba Phong Tran , Hoong Chuin Lau

In this paper, we present improved approximation algorithms for the (unsplittable) Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) in general metrics. In CVRP, introduced by Dantzig and Ramser (1959), we are given a set of points (clients) $V$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Zachary Friggstad , Ramin Mousavi , Mirmahdi Rahgoshay , Mohammad R. Salavatipour

Motivated by the promising advances of deep-reinforcement learning (DRL) applied to cooperative multi-agent systems we propose a model and learning procedure to solve the Capacitated Multi-Vehicle Routing Problem (CMVRP) with fixed fleet…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Jose Manuel Vera , Andres G. Abad

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is the combinatorial optimization problem of designing routes for vehicles to visit customers in such a fashion that a cost function, typically the number of vehicles, or the total travelled distance is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Sabino Francesco Roselli , Martin Fabian , Knut Åkesson

Hybridizing machine learning techniques with metaheuristics has attracted significant attention in recent years. Many attempts employ supervised or reinforcement learning to support the decision-making of heuristic methods. However, in some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Bruna C. B. Charytitsch , Mariá C. V. Nascimento

Graph routing problems play a vital role in web-related networks, where finding optimal paths across graphs is essential for efficient data transmission and content delivery. Classic routing formulations such as the Traveling Salesman…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Shiyan Liu , Bohan Tan , Zhiguang Cao , Yan Jin

In many real-world settings, problem instances that need to be solved are quite similar, and knowledge from previous optimization runs can potentially be utilized. We explore this for the Traveling Salesperson problem with time windows…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Hy Nguyen , Thanh Nguyen Pham , Helen Yuliana Angmalisang , Liam Wigney , Frank Neumann

We introduce the Vehicle Routing Problem with Resource-Constrained Pickup and Delivery (VRP-RPD), where vehicles transport finite identical resources to customer locations for autonomous processing before retrieval and redeployment. Unlike…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Manbir Sodhi , Romesh Prasad , Harishjitu Saseendran

The Vehicle Routing Problem with pickups, deliveries and spatiotemporal service constraints ($VRPPDSTC$) is a quite challenging algorithmic problem that can be dealt with in either an offline or an online fashion. In this work, we focus on…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Spyros Kontogiannis , Andreas Paraskevopoulos , Christos Zaroliagis

In this paper, we describe the usage of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), which is a quantum-classical heuristic, to solve a combinatorial optimization and integer programming task known as Vehicle Routing Problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-26 Utkarsh Azad , Bikash K. Behera , Emad A. Ahmed , Prasanta K. Panigrahi , Ahmed Farouk

For solving problems from the domain of Mobility-on-Demand (MoD), we often need to connect vehicle plans into plans spanning longer time, a process we call plan chaining. As we show in this work, chaining of the plans can be used to reduce…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-27 David Fiedler , Fabio V. Difonzo , Jan Mrkos

The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) extends the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) to reflect the growing use of electric and hybrid vehicles in logistics. Due to the variety of constraints considered in the literature,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 David Woller , Viktor Kozák , Miroslav Kulich , Libor Přeučil

The Traveling Salesman Problem is a classical NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem that has been extensively studied in operations research. A major challenge in Traveling Salesman Problem formulations is the large number of subtour…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Alessia Ciacco , Luigi Di Puglia Pugliese , Francesca Guerriero

In this paper, we study the Maximum Profit Pick-up Problem with Time Windows and Capacity Constraint (MP-PPTWC). Our main results are 3 polynomial time algorithms, all having constant approximation factors. The first algorithm has an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Bogdan Armaselu , Ovidiu Daescu