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We consider the fundamental problem of decomposing a large-scale approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) problem into smaller sub-problems. The goal is to partition the input points into neighborhood-preserving shards, so that the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Lars Gottesbüren , Laxman Dhulipala , Rajesh Jayaram , Jakub Lacki

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS), as the core of vector databases (VectorDBs), has become widely used in modern AI and ML systems, powering applications from information retrieval to bio-informatics. While graph-based ANNS methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Dingyi Kang , Dongming Jiang , Hanshen Yang , Hang Liu , Bingzhe Li

Filtered approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) restricts the search to data objects whose attributes satisfy a given filter and retrieves the top-$K$ objects that are most semantically similar to the query object. Many graph-based ANNS…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tianming Wu , Dixin Tang

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a crucial problem in information retrieval and AI applications. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in graph-based ANNS algorithms due to their superior efficiency and accuracy.…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhenxin Li , Shuibing He , Jiahao Guo , Xuechen Zhang , Xian-He Sun , Gang Chen

Nearest Neighbor Search (NNS) has recently drawn a rapid increase of interest due to its core role in managing high-dimensional vector data in data science and AI applications. The interest is fueled by the success of neural embedding,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Zhen Peng , Minjia Zhang , Kai Li , Ruoming Jin , Bin Ren

Approximate K-Nearest Neighbor Search (AKNNS) has now become ubiquitous in modern applications, for example, as a fast search procedure with two tower deep learning models. Graph-based methods for AKNNS in particular have received great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Patrick H. Chen , Chang Wei-cheng , Yu Hsiang-fu , Inderjit S. Dhillon , Hsieh Cho-jui

The graph-based index has been widely adopted to meet the demand for approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) for high-dimensional vectors. However, in dynamic scenarios involving frequent vector insertions and deletions, existing systems…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Song Yu , Shengyuan Lin , Shufeng Gong , Yongqing Xie , Ruicheng Liu , Yijie Zhou , Ji Sun , Yanfeng Zhang , Guoliang Li , Ge Yu

The approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a fundamental and essential component in data mining and information retrieval, with graph-based methodologies demonstrating superior performance compared to alternative approaches.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Wentao Xiao , Yueyang Zhan , Rui Xi , Mengshu Hou , Jianming Liao

Hybrid Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (Hybrid ANNS) is a foundational search technology for large-scale heterogeneous data and has gained significant attention in both academia and industry. However, current approaches overlook the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Qianyun Yang , Zhiwei Chen , Yupeng Hu , Zixu Li , Zhiheng Fu , Liqiang Nie

Approximate Nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is fundamental and essential operation in applications from many domains, such as databases, machine learning, multimedia, and computer vision. Although many algorithms have been continuously…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Wen Li , Ying Zhang , Yifang Sun , Wei Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Xuemin Lin

The neighbourhood function N(t) of a graph G gives, for each t, the number of pairs of nodes <x, y> such that y is reachable from x in less that t hops. The neighbourhood function provides a wealth of information about the graph (e.g., it…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-01-27 Paolo Boldi , Marco Rosa , Sebastiano Vigna

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) plays a critical role in various disciplines spanning data mining and artificial intelligence, from information retrieval and computer vision to natural language processing and recommender systems.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Hiroyuki Ootomo , Akira Naruse , Corey Nolet , Ray Wang , Tamas Feher , Yong Wang

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a fundamental building block in information retrieval with graph-based indices being the current state-of-the-art and widely used in the industry. Recent advances in graph-based indices have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Aditi Singh , Suhas Jayaram Subramanya , Ravishankar Krishnaswamy , Harsha Vardhan Simhadri

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is a fundamental problem in many areas of data mining, machine learning and computer vision. The performance of traditional hierarchical structure (tree) based methods decreases as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Cong Fu , Deng Cai

Graph-based algorithms have shown great empirical potential for the approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search problem. Currently, graph-based ANN search algorithms are designed mainly using heuristics, whereas theoretical analysis of such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Dantong Zhu , Minjia Zhang

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a fundamental problem in many areas of machine learning and data mining. During the past decade, numerous hashing algorithms are proposed to solve this problem. Every proposed algorithm claims…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Deng Cai

In this paper, we present an experimental comparison of various graph-based approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search algorithms deployed on edge devices for real-time nearest neighbor search applications, such as smart city infrastructure…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Ali Ganbarov , Jicheng Yuan , Anh Le-Tuan , Manfred Hauswirth , Danh Le-Phuoc

Proximity graphs (PG) have gained increasing popularity as the state-of-the-art solutions to $k$-approximate nearest neighbor ($k$-ANN) search on high-dimensional data, which serves as a fundamental function in various fields, e.g.,…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shuo Yang , Jiadong Xie , Yingfan Liu , Jeffrey Xu Yu , Xiyue Gao , Qianru Wang , Yanguo Peng , Jiangtao Cui

In high-dimensional vector spaces, Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a key component in database and artificial intelligence infrastructures. Graph-based methods, particularly HNSW, have emerged as leading solutions among…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Mengzhao Wang , Haotian Wu , Xiangyu Ke , Yunjun Gao , Yifan Zhu , Wenchao Zhou

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) plays an indispensable role in a wide variety of applications, including recommendation systems, information retrieval, and semantic search. Among the cutting-edge ANNS algorithms, graph-based…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Weihong Xu , Junwei Chen , Po-Kai Hsu , Jaeyoung Kang , Minxuan Zhou , Sumukh Pinge , Shimeng Yu , Tajana Rosing