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Simultaneous Machine Translation (SiMT) requires high-quality translations under strict real-time constraints, which traditional policies with only READ/WRITE actions cannot fully address. We extend the action space of SiMT with four…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Qianen Zhang , Zeyu Yang , Satoshi Nakamura

We consider the problem of automatically generating textual paraphrases with modified attributes or properties, focusing on the setting without parallel data (Hu et al., 2017; Shen et al., 2017). This setting poses challenges for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Richard Yuanzhe Pang , Kevin Gimpel

From grading papers to summarizing medical documents, large language models (LLMs) are evermore used for evaluation of text generated by humans and AI alike. However, despite their extensive utility, LLMs exhibit distinct failure modes,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Hosein Hasanbeig , Hiteshi Sharma , Leo Betthauser , Felipe Vieira Frujeri , Ida Momennejad

Pre-trained transformer language models (TLMs) have recently refashioned natural language processing (NLP): Most state-of-the-art NLP models now operate on top of TLMs to benefit from contextualization and knowledge induction. To explain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Karolina Zaczynska , Nils Feldhus , Robert Schwarzenberg , Aleksandra Gabryszak , Sebastian Möller

Large Language Models (LLMs) changed the way we design and interact with software systems. Their ability to process and extract information from text has drastically improved productivity in a number of routine tasks. Developers that want…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Federico Errica , Giuseppe Siracusano , Davide Sanvito , Roberto Bifulco

What if large language models could not only infer human mindsets but also expose every blind spot in team dialogue such as discrepancies in the team members' joint understanding? We present a novel, two-step framework that leverages large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Katharine Kowalyshyn , Matthias Scheutz

The state-of-the-art language model-based automatic metrics, e.g. BARTScore, benefiting from large-scale contextualized pre-training, have been successfully used in a wide range of natural language generation (NLG) tasks, including machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Qingyu Lu , Liang Ding , Liping Xie , Kanjian Zhang , Derek F. Wong , Dacheng Tao

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has created an urgent need to distinguish between human-written and LLM-generated text to ensure authenticity and societal trust. Existing detectors typically provide a binary classification for an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Mengchu Li , Jin Zhu , Jinglai Li , Chengchun Shi

Lexical simplification (LS) aims to replace complex words in a given sentence with their simpler alternatives of equivalent meaning, to simplify the sentence. Recently unsupervised lexical simplification approaches only rely on the complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Jipeng Qiang , Yun Li , Yi Zhu , Yunhao Yuan , Xindong Wu

Despite significant strides in statement autoformalization, a critical gap remains in the development of automated evaluation metrics capable of assessing formal translation quality. Existing metrics often fail to balance semantic and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xiaoyang Liu , Tao Zhu , Zineng Dong , Yuntian Liu , Qingfeng Guo , Zhaoxuan Liu , Yu Chen , Tao Luo

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong general reasoning and language understanding, yet their performance degrades in domains governed by strict formal rules, precise terminology, and legally binding structure. Tax law exemplifies…

While current Automated Essay Scoring (AES) methods demonstrate high scoring agreement with human raters, their decision-making mechanisms are not fully understood. Our proposed method, using counterfactual intervention assisted by Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yupei Wang , Renfen Hu , Zhe Zhao

Public leaderboards increasingly suggest that large language models (LLMs) surpass human experts on benchmarks spanning academic knowledge, law, and programming. Yet most benchmarks are fully public, their questions widely mirrored across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Eshwar Reddy M , Sourav Karmakar

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) holds great promise as a tool to support personalized learning. Teachers need tools to efficiently and effectively enhance content readability of educational texts so that they are matched to…

Summarizing clinical text is crucial in health decision-support and clinical research. Large language models (LLMs) have shown the potential to generate accurate clinical text summaries, but still struggle with issues regarding grounding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zelalem Gero , Chandan Singh , Yiqing Xie , Sheng Zhang , Praveen Subramanian , Paul Vozila , Tristan Naumann , Jianfeng Gao , Hoifung Poon

Localizing text in low-light environments is challenging due to visual degradations. Although a straightforward solution involves a two-stage pipeline with low-light image enhancement (LLE) as the initial step followed by detector, LLE is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Chengpei Xu , Hao Fu , Long Ma , Wenjing Jia , Chengqi Zhang , Feng Xia , Xiaoyu Ai , Binghao Li , Wenjie Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong progress on scientific reasoning, yet two major bottlenecks remain. First, explicit retrieval fragments reasoning, imposing a hidden "tool tax" of extra tokens and steps. Second,…

Widely used learned metrics for machine translation evaluation, such as COMET and BLEURT, estimate the quality of a translation hypothesis by providing a single sentence-level score. As such, they offer little insight into translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Nuno M. Guerreiro , Ricardo Rei , Daan van Stigt , Luisa Coheur , Pierre Colombo , André F. T. Martins

Text simplification is essential for making complex content accessible to diverse audiences who face comprehension challenges. Yet, the limited availability of simplified materials creates significant barriers to personal and professional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Michael Färber , Parisa Aghdam , Kyuri Im , Mario Tawfelis , Hardik Ghoshal

Automatic evaluation of sequence generation, traditionally reliant on metrics like BLEU and ROUGE, often fails to capture the semantic accuracy of generated text sequences due to their emphasis on n-gram overlap. A promising solution to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Chenglong Wang , Hang Zhou , Kaiyan Chang , Tongran Liu , Chunliang Zhang , Quan Du , Tong Xiao , Yue Zhang , Jingbo Zhu