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Vision-language-action (VLA) models aim to understand natural language instructions and visual observations and to execute corresponding actions as an embodied agent. Recent work integrates future images into the understanding-acting loop,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Jiayi Chen , Wenxuan Song , Pengxiang Ding , Ziyang Zhou , Han Zhao , Feilong Tang , Donglin Wang , Haoang Li

Current research on Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models predominantly focuses on enhancing generalization through established reasoning techniques. While effective, these improvements invariably increase computational complexity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci

Reinforcement learning (RL) enables high-frequency, closed-loop control for robotic manipulation, but scaling to long-horizon tasks with sparse or imperfect rewards remains difficult due to inefficient exploration and poor credit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Angelo Moroncelli , Roberto Zanetti , Marco Maccarini , Loris Roveda

Generalist robots should be able to understand and follow user instructions, but current vision-language-action (VLA) models struggle with following fine-grained commands despite providing a powerful architecture for mapping open-vocabulary…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Catherine Glossop , William Chen , Arjun Bhorkar , Dhruv Shah , Sergey Levine

A unified video and action model holds significant promise for robotics, where videos provide rich scene information for action prediction, and actions provide dynamics information for video prediction. However, effectively combining video…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Shuang Li , Yihuai Gao , Dorsa Sadigh , Shuran Song

One promise that Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models hold over traditional imitation learning for robotics is to leverage the broad generalization capabilities of large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to produce versatile, "generalist" robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Irving Fang , Juexiao Zhang , Shengbang Tong , Chen Feng

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for end-to-end autonomous driving, yet their reliance on implicit parametric knowledge limits generalization in long-tail scenarios. While Retrieval-Augmented…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Rui Zhao , Haofeng Hu , Zhenhai Gao , Jiaqiao Liu , Gao Fei

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) have become increasingly popular in robot manipulation for their end-to-end design and remarkable performance. However, existing VLAs rely heavily on vision-language models (VLMs) that only support…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Wei Zhao , Pengxiang Ding , Min Zhang , Zhefei Gong , Shuanghao Bai , Han Zhao , Donglin Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) for large-scale Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models faces significant challenges in computational efficiency and data acquisition. We propose AcceRL, a fully asynchronous and decoupled RL framework designed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Chengxuan Lu , Shukuan Wang , Yanjie Li , Wei Liu , Shiji Jin , Fuyuan Qian , Peiming Li , Baigui Sun , Yang Liu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, trained via flow-matching or diffusion objectives, excel at learning complex behaviors from large-scale, multi-modal datasets (e.g., human teleoperation, scripted policies). However, since VLAs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Siyuan Yang , Yang Zhang , Haoran He , Ling Pan , Xiu Li , Chenjia Bai , Xuelong Li

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies are typically deployed with asynchronous inference: the robot executes a previously predicted action chunk while the model computes the next one. This creates a prediction-execution misalignment: the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yixiang Zhu , Yonghao Chen , Rui Meng , Jingyu Guo , Jiaxiang Zou , Zijie Yang , Taowen Wang , Xinyu Chen

Vision-language-action (VLA) models provide a powerful approach to training control policies for physical systems, such as robots, by combining end-to-end learning with transfer of semantic knowledge from web-scale vision-language model…

Multi-task ``vision-language-action'' (VLA) models have recently demonstrated increasing promise as generalist foundation models for robotics, achieving non-trivial performance out of the box on new tasks in new environments. However, for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kaustubh Sridhar , Souradeep Dutta , Dinesh Jayaraman , Insup Lee

Developing efficient Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies is crucial for practical robotics deployment, yet current approaches face prohibitive computational costs and resource requirements. Existing diffusion-based VLA policies require…

A robot's deployment environment often involves perceptual changes that differ from what it has experienced during training. Standard practices such as data augmentation attempt to bridge this gap by augmenting source images in an effort to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Takuma Yoneda , Ge Yang , Matthew R. Walter , Bradly Stadie

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated remarkable generalization capabilities in robotic manipulation tasks, yet their substantial computational overhead remains a critical obstacle to real-world deployment. Improving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yujie Wei , Jiahan Fan , Jiyu Guo , Ruichen Zhen , Rui Shao , Xiu Su , Zeke Xie , Shuo Yang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generalizing across diverse robotic manipulation tasks. However, deploying these models in unstructured environments remains challenging due to the critical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Songqiao Hu , Zeyi Liu , Shuang Liu , Jun Cen , Zihan Meng , Xiao He

Diffusion-based policies have recently achieved remarkable success in robotics by formulating action prediction as a conditional denoising process. However, the standard practice of sampling from random Gaussian noise often requires…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jindou Jia , Gen Li , Xiangyu Chen , Tuo An , Yuxuan Hu , Jingliang Li , Xinying Guo , Jianfei Yang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are a powerful paradigm for generalist robotic control. However, their high computational cost and limited control frequency hinder real-time robotic manipulation, especially when large vision-language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ye Li , Huanan Liu , Kangye Ji , Yuan Meng , Jiajun Fan , Yuansong Wang , Shiyu Qin , Chenglei Wu , Shu-Tao Xia , Zhi Wang

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) have shown generalization capabilities in robotic manipulation tasks by inheriting from vision-language models (VLMs) and learning action generation. Most VLA models focus on interpreting vision and…