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The Shapley value (SV) is a prevalent approach of allocating credit to machine learning (ML) entities to understand black box ML models. Enriching such interpretations with higher-order interactions is inevitable for complex systems, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Fabian Fumagalli , Maximilian Muschalik , Patrick Kolpaczki , Eyke Hüllermeier , Barbara Hammer

We present SHAPNN, a novel deep tabular data modeling architecture designed for supervised learning. Our approach leverages Shapley values, a well-established technique for explaining black-box models. Our neural network is trained using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Qisen Cheng , Shuhui Qu , Janghwan Lee

Originally introduced in cooperative game theory, Shapley values have become a very popular tool to explain machine learning predictions. Based on Shapley's fairness axioms, every input (feature component) gets a credit how it contributes…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-19 Michael Mayer , Mario V. Wüthrich

The Shapley value---probably the most important normative payoff division scheme in coalitional games---has recently been advocated as a useful measure of centrality in networks. However, although this approach has a variety of real-world…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-05 Tomasz Pawel Michalak , Karthik V Aadithya , Piotr L. Szczepanski , Balaraman Ravindran , Nicholas R. Jennings

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved outstanding performance across a wide range of graph-related tasks. However, their "black-box" nature poses significant challenges to their explainability, and existing methods often fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Lijun Wu , Dong Hao , Zhiyi Fan

The Shapley value concept from cooperative game theory has become a popular technique for interpreting ML models, but efficiently estimating these values remains challenging, particularly in the model-agnostic setting. Here, we revisit the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Ian Covert , Su-In Lee

Graph sparsification is a key technique for improving inference efficiency in Graph Neural Networks by removing edges with minimal impact on predictions. GNN explainability methods generate local importance scores, which can be aggregated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Selahattin Akkas , Ariful Azad

Tensor networks (TNs) have been gaining interest as multiway data analysis tools owing to their ability to tackle the curse of dimensionality and to represent tensors as smaller-scale interconnections of their intrinsic features. However,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2017-11-03 Giuseppe G. Calvi , Ilia Kisil , Danilo P. Mandic

Shapley and Banzhaf interactions capture the complex dynamics inherent in modern machine learning applications. However, current estimators for these higher-order interactions trade off between speed and accuracy. To overcome this…

Ensemble-based modifications of the well-known SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method for the local explanation of a black-box model are proposed. The modifications aim to simplify SHAP which is computationally expensive when there is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Lev V. Utkin , Andrei V. Konstantinov

Shapley values have become a cornerstone of explainable AI, but they are computationally expensive to use, especially when features are dependent. Evaluating them requires approximating a large number of conditional expectations, either via…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Lars Henry Berge Olsen , Dennis Christensen

The growing adoption of machine learning models for biological sequences has intensified the need for interpretable predictions, with Shapley values emerging as a theoretically grounded standard for model explanation. While effective for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Darin Tsui , Aryan Musharaf , Yigit Efe Erginbas , Justin Singh Kang , Amirali Aghazadeh

Scores based on Shapley values are widely used for providing explanations to classification results over machine learning models. A prime example of this is the influential SHAP-score, a version of the Shapley value that can help explain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Marcelo Arenas , Pablo Barceló Leopoldo Bertossi , Mikaël Monet

Given a data set $\mathcal{D}$ containing millions of data points and a data consumer who is willing to pay for \$$X$ to train a machine learning (ML) model over $\mathcal{D}$, how should we distribute this \$$X$ to each data point to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Ruoxi Jia , David Dao , Boxin Wang , Frances Ann Hubis , Nezihe Merve Gurel , Bo Li , Ce Zhang , Costas J. Spanos , Dawn Song

The development of efficient machine learning models for molecular systems representation is becoming crucial in scientific research. We introduce TensorNet, an innovative O(3)-equivariant message-passing neural network architecture that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Guillem Simeon , Gianni de Fabritiis

SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanation) values are one of the leading tools for interpreting machine learning models, with strong theoretical guarantees (consistency, local accuracy) and a wide availability of implementations and use cases.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Jilei Yang

Shapley value-based data valuation methods, originating from cooperative game theory, quantify the usefulness of each individual sample by considering its contribution to all possible training subsets. Despite their extensive applications,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Ziao Yang , Han Yue , Jian Chen , Hongfu Liu

We introduce space- and time-efficient algorithms and data structures for the offline set intersection problem. We show that a sorted integer set $S \subseteq [0{..}u)$ of $n$ elements can be represented using compressed space while…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Diego Arroyuelo , Juan Pablo Castillo

Shapley values are one of the main tools used to explain predictions of tree ensemble models. The main alternative to Shapley values are Banzhaf values that have not been understood equally well. In this paper we make a step towards filling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Adam Karczmarz , Anish Mukherjee , Piotr Sankowski , Piotr Wygocki

Artificial Neural Networks have shown impressive success in very different application cases. Choosing a proper network architecture is a critical decision for a network's success, usually done in a manual manner. As a straightforward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Julian Stier , Gabriele Gianini , Michael Granitzer , Konstantin Ziegler
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