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Related papers: What Exactly is a Deepfake?

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This paper provides policy recommendations to address threats from deepfakes. First, we provide background information about deepfakes and review the harms they pose. We describe how deepfakes are currently used to proliferate sexual abuse…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Andrea Miotti , Akash Wasil

Generative AI (Gen-AI) deepfakes pose a rapidly evolving threat to biometric authentication, yet a significant gap exists between expert understanding of these risks and public perception. This disconnection creates critical vulnerabilities…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Shijing He , Yaxiong Lei , Zihan Zhang , Yuzhou Sun , Shujun Li , Chi Zhang , Juan Ye

Deepfakes are computationally-created entities that falsely represent reality. They can take image, video, and audio modalities, and pose a threat to many areas of systems and societies, comprising a topic of interest to various aspects of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Sergi D. Bray , Shane D. Johnson , Bennett Kleinberg

Deepfake technology (DT) has taken a new level of sophistication. Cybercriminals now can manipulate sounds, images, and videos to defraud and misinform individuals and businesses. This represents a growing threat to international…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Shadrack Awah Buo

Online media data, in the forms of images and videos, are becoming mainstream communication channels. However, recent advances in deep learning, particularly deep generative models, open the doors for producing perceptually convincing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Junke Wang , Zhenxin Li , Chao Zhang , Jingjing Chen , Zuxuan Wu , Larry S. Davis , Yu-Gang Jiang

How can we best address the dangerous impact that deep learning-generated fake audios, photographs, and videos (a.k.a. deepfakes) may have in personal and societal life? We foresee that the availability of cheap deepfake technology will…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Claudio S. Pinhanez , German H. Flores , Marisa A. Vasconcelos , Mu Qiao , Nick Linck , Rogério de Paula , Yuya J. Ong

Easy access to audio-visual content on social media, combined with the availability of modern tools such as Tensorflow or Keras, open-source trained models, and economical computing infrastructure, and the rapid evolution of deep-learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Momina Masood , Marriam Nawaz , Khalid Mahmood Malik , Ali Javed , Aun Irtaza

Deep Learning as a field has been successfully used to solve a plethora of complex problems, the likes of which we could not have imagined a few decades back. But as many benefits as it brings, there are still ways in which it can be used…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Samay Pashine , Sagar Mandiya , Praveen Gupta , Rashid Sheikh

The rapid advancement of Generative Artificial Intelligence has fueled deepfake proliferation-synthetic media encompassing fully generated content and subtly edited authentic material-posing challenges to digital security, misinformation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Naseem Khan , Tuan Nguyen , Amine Bermak , Issa Khalil

Recent advances in deep learning have led to substantial improvements in deepfake generation, resulting in fake media with a more realistic appearance. Although deepfake media have potential application in a wide range of areas and are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Trung-Nghia Le , Huy H Nguyen , Junichi Yamagishi , Isao Echizen

Speech deepfakes are artificial voices generated by machine learning models. Previous literature has highlighted deepfakes as one of the biggest security threats arising from progress in artificial intelligence due to their potential for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Kimberly T. Mai , Sergi D. Bray , Toby Davies , Lewis D. Griffin

Deep generative modeling has the potential to cause significant harm to society. Recognizing this threat, a magnitude of research into detecting so-called "Deepfakes" has emerged. This research most often focuses on the image domain, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Joel Frank , Lea Schönherr

The growing reliance of society on social media for authentic information has done nothing but increase over the past years. This has only raised the potential consequences of the spread of misinformation. One of the growing methods in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Jacob Mallet , Natalie Krueger , Mounika Vanamala , Rushit Dave

Advances in machine learning have enabled the creation of realistic synthetic videos known as deepfakes. As deepfakes proliferate, concerns about rapid spread of disinformation and manipulation of public perception are mounting. Despite the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-31 David Wegmann , Emil Stevnsborg , Søren Knudsen , Luca Rossi , Aske Mottelson

Deepfakes images can erode trust in institutions and compromise election outcomes, as people often struggle to discern real images from deepfake images. Improving digital literacy can help address these challenges. Here, we compare the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Dominique Geissler , Claire Robertson , Stefan Feuerriegel

The ever-increasing use of synthetically generated content in different sectors of our everyday life, one for all media information, poses a strong need for deepfake detection tools in order to avoid the proliferation of altered messages.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Andrea Ciamarra , Roberto Caldelli , Federico Becattini , Lorenzo Seidenari , Alberto Del Bimbo

Deeplearning has been used to solve complex problems in various domains. As it advances, it also creates applications which become a major threat to our privacy, security and even to our Democracy. Such an application which is being…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Rahul U , Ragul M , Raja Vignesh K , Tejeswinee K

Over a five-year period, computing methods for generating high-fidelity, fictional depictions of people and events moved from exotic demonstrations by computer science research teams into ongoing use as a tool of disinformation. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Eric Horvitz

Deepfake is content or material that is generated or manipulated using AI methods, to pass off as real. There are four different deepfake types: audio, video, image and text. In this research we focus on audio deepfakes and how people…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Gabrielle Watson , Zahra Khanjani , Vandana P. Janeja

Detecting deepfakes involving face-swaps presents a significant challenge, particularly in real-world scenarios where anyone can perform face-swapping with freely available tools and apps without any technical knowledge. Existing deepfake…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Sudev Kumar Padhi , Harshit Kumar , Umesh Kashyap , Sk. Subidh Ali