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Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a prevailing paradigm for enhancing reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, relying solely on outcome supervision risks reward hacking, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yukun Chen , Jiaming Li , Longze Chen , Ze Gong , Jingpeng Li , Zhen Qin , Hengyu Chang , Ancheng Xu , Zhihao Yang , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Qiang Qu , Bo Zheng , Min Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable performance on complex reasoning tasks, with reinforcement learning under verifiable rewards (RLVR) emerging as a principled framework for aligning model behavior with reasoning chains.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yunjian Zhang , Sudong Wang , Yang Li , Peiran Xu , Conghao Zhou , Xiaoyue Ma , Jianing Li , Yao Zhu

Current captioning approaches tend to generate correct but "generic" descriptions that lack real-world knowledge, e.g., named entities and contextual information. Considering that Vision-Language Pre-Training (VLP) models master massive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Kanzhi Cheng , Wenpo Song , Zheng Ma , Wenhao Zhu , Zixuan Zhu , Jianbing Zhang

Reinforcement learning is critical to improving large reasoning models, but its success relies heavily on verifiable rewards (RLVR), making it hard to use in open-ended domains where correctness is ambiguous and cannot be verified.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yifan Wang , Bolian Li , David Cho , Ruqi Zhang , Fanping Sui , Ananth Grama

Recent successes of reinforcement learning (RL) in training large reasoning models motivate the question of whether self-training - the process where a model learns from its own judgments - can be sustained within RL. In this work, we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Sheikh Shafayat , Fahim Tajwar , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Jeff Schneider , Andrea Zanette

Video diffusion models have made rapid progress in perceptual realism and temporal coherence, but they remain primarily optimized for plausible generation rather than verifiable reasoning. This limitation is especially pronounced in tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Tinghui Zhu , Sheng Zhang , James Y. Huang , Selena Song , Xiaofei Wen , Yuankai Li , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has proven effective in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models, particularly in domains such as mathematics where reliable rule-based verifiers can be constructed.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Changyi Xiao , Caijun Xu , Yixin Cao

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has proven effective for complex reasoning tasks with clear correctness signals such as math and coding. However, extending it to real-world reasoning tasks is challenging, as evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Anisha Gunjal , Anthony Wang , Elaine Lau , Vaskar Nath , Yunzhong He , Bing Liu , Sean Hendryx

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance their reasoning capabilities through feedback. A critical challenge is verifying the consistency of model-generated responses and reference answers,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xuzhao Li , Xuchen Li , Shiyu Hu , Yongzhen Guo , Wentao Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of LLMs. Existing research has predominantly concentrated on isolated reasoning domains such as mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Yu Li , Zhuoshi Pan , Honglin Lin , Mengyuan Sun , Conghui He , Lijun Wu

The growing disparity between the exponential scaling of computational resources and the finite growth of high-quality text data now constrains conventional scaling approaches for large language models (LLMs). To address this challenge, we…

Building on the success of text-based reasoning models like DeepSeek-R1, extending these capabilities to multimodal reasoning holds great promise. While recent works have attempted to adapt DeepSeek-R1-style reinforcement learning (RL)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jie Yang , Feipeng Ma , Zitian Wang , Dacheng Yin , Kang Rong , Fengyun Rao , Ruimao Zhang

While reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is effective to improve the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs), its reliance on human-annotated labels leads to the scaling up dilemma, especially for complex tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zizhuo Zhang , Jianing Zhu , Xinmu Ge , Zihua Zhao , Zhanke Zhou , Xuan Li , Xiao Feng , Jiangchao Yao , Bo Han

Reinforcement Learning has significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), yet the resulting policies remain brittle against real-world visual degradations such as blur, compression artifacts,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Rui Liu , Dian Yu , Haolin Liu , Yucheng Shi , Tong Zheng , Runpeng Dai , Haitao Mi , Pratap Tokekar , Leoweiliang

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a standard approach for improving reasoning in language models, yet models trained with RLVR often suffer from diversity collapse: while single-sample accuracy improves,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Marc Dymetman

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that reasoning ability can be significantly enhanced through Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR). Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has emerged as the de…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jingyu Zhou , Lu Ma , Hao Liang , Chengyu Shen , Bin Cui , Wentao Zhang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities, yet they often suffer from overthinking, expending redundant computational steps on simple problems, or underthinking, failing to explore sufficient reasoning paths…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yulin Li , Tengyao Tu , Li Ding , Junjie Wang , Huiling Zhen , Yixin Chen , Yong Li , Zhuotao Tian

Large language models often require costly optimization, such as reinforcement learning, to master complex reasoning tasks. This work demonstrates that reasoning ability, once learned, can be extracted and transferred between models as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Mohammad Zbeeb , Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Bernard Ghanem

Recent advancements in Chain of Thought (COT) generation have significantly improved the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), with reinforcement learning (RL) emerging as an effective post-training approach. Multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yi Chen , Yuying Ge , Rui Wang , Yixiao Ge , Lu Qiu , Ying Shan , Xihui Liu

Extending Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) to multimodal large language models (MLLMs) faces a fundamental challenge: their responses inherently interleave perception-related tokens, which ground visual content, with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Jinda Lu , Junkang Wu , Jinghan Li , Kexin Huang , Shuo Yang , Guoyin Wang , Jiancan Wu , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He
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