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Verification of global high-resolution precipitation forecasts is challenging. Spatial verification techniques address some shortcomings of traditional verification. However most existing methods do not account for the non-planar geometry…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-05-28 Gregor Skok , Llorenç Lledó

The scarcity of annotated surgical data poses a significant challenge for developing deep learning systems in computer-assisted interventions. While diffusion models can synthesize realistic images, they often suffer from data memorization,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Danush Kumar Venkatesh , Stefanie Speidel

Despite marked progress over the past several decades, convective storm nowcasting remains a challenge because most nowcasting systems are based on linear extrapolation of radar reflectivity without much consideration for other…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2019-11-01 Lei Han , Juanzhen Sun , Wei Zhang , Yuanyuan Xiu , Hailei Feng , Yinjing Lin

Renewable resources are strongly dependent on local and large-scale weather situations. Skillful subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) forecasts -- beyond two weeks and up to two months -- can offer significant socioeconomic advantages to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Maximilian Springenberg , Noelia Otero , Yuxin Xue , Jackie Ma

Learning dynamical systems from incomplete or noisy data is inherently ill-posed, as a single observation may correspond to multiple plausible futures. While physics-based ensemble forecasting relies on perturbing initial states to capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Siddharth Rout , Eldad Haber , Stephane Gaudreault

Direct preference optimization (DPO) methods have shown strong potential in aligning text-to-image diffusion models with human preferences by training on paired comparisons. These methods improve training stability by avoiding the REINFORCE…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yi-Lun Wu , Bo-Kai Ruan , Chiang Tseng , Hong-Han Shuai

Diffusion models can learn rich representations during data generation, showing potential for Self-Supervised Learning (SSL), but they face a trade-off between generative quality and discriminative performance. Their iterative sampling also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Kosuke Ukita , Tsuyoshi Okita

Current evaluation metrics for deep learning weather models create a "Statistical Similarity Trap", rewarding blurry predictions while missing rare, high-impact events. We provide quantitative evidence of this trap, showing sophisticated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Md Tanveer Hossain Munim

Improving the representation of precipitation in Earth system models (ESMs) is critical for assessing the impacts of climate change and especially of extreme events like floods and droughts. In existing ESMs, precipitation is not resolved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Michael Aich , Sebastian Bathiany , Philipp Hess , Yu Huang , Niklas Boers

Deep learning model effectiveness in classification tasks is often challenged by the quality and quantity of training data whenever they are affected by strong spurious correlations between specific attributes and target labels. This…

Accurate short-term precipitation forecasts predominantly rely on dense weather-radar networks, limiting operational value in places most exposed to climate extremes. We present TUPANN (Transferable and Universal Physics-Aligned Nowcasting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Antônio Catão , Melvin Poveda , Leonardo Voltarelli , Paulo Orenstein

Diffusion-based models are recognized for their effectiveness in using real-world driving data to generate realistic and diverse traffic scenarios. These models employ guided sampling to incorporate specific traffic preferences and enhance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Seungjun Yu , Kisung Kim , Daejung Kim , Haewook Han , Jinhan Lee

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in conditional image generation, yet their outputs often remain misaligned with human preferences. To address this, recent work has applied Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) to diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Shaomeng Wang , He Wang , Xiaolu Wei , Longquan Dai , Jinhui Tang

A deep learning model is presented to nowcast the occurrence of lightning at a five-minute time resolution 60 minutes into the future. The model is based on a recurrent-convolutional architecture that allows it to recognize and predict the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-03-16 Jussi Leinonen , Ulrich Hamann , Urs Germann

Sequential probabilistic inference from streaming observations requires modeling distributions over future trajectories as new observations arrive. Although diffusion and flow-matching models are effective at capturing high-dimensional,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yinan Huang , Hans Hao-Hsun Hsu , Junran Wang , Bo Dai , Pan Li

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a predominant alignment method for diffusion models, facilitating off-policy training without explicit reward modeling. However, its reliance on large-scale, high-quality human preference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Khiem Pham , Quang Nguyen , Tung Nguyen , Jingsen Zhu , Michele Santacatterina , Dimitris Metaxas , Ramin Zabih

Accurate short-term warnings for extreme precipitation are critical for global disaster mitigation but are hindered by a persistent predictability barrier at the 2-6 hour horizon -- the "nowcasting gray zone." In this window, traditional…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Haofei Sun , Yunfan Yang , Wei Han , Wei Huang , Huaguan Chen , Zhiqiu Gao , Zeting Li , Zhaoyang Huo , Zeyi Niu

This paper presents a solution to the Weather4Cast 2023 competition, where the goal is to forecast high-resolution precipitation with an 8-hour lead time using lower-resolution satellite radiance images. We propose a simple, yet effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Rafael Pablos Sarabia , Joachim Nyborg , Morten Birk , Ira Assent

Weather forecasting is essential for facilitating diverse socio-economic activity and environmental conservation initiatives. Deep learning techniques are increasingly being explored as complementary approaches to Numerical Weather…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Marco Turzi , Siamak Mehrkanoon

Precipitation nowcasting is crucial for mitigating the impacts of severe weather events and supporting daily activities. Conventional models predominantly relying on radar data have limited performance in predicting cases with complex…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-09-17 Çağlar Küçük , Aitor Atencia , Markus Dabernig