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Cross-modal alignment aims to map heterogeneous modalities into a shared latent space, as exemplified by models like CLIP, which benefit from large-scale image-text pretraining for strong recognition capabilities. However, when operating in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiaxiang Liu , Yuan Wang , Jiawei Du , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Mingkun Xu , Zuozhu Liu

Multimodal learning enables neural networks to integrate information from heterogeneous sources, but active learning in this setting faces distinct challenges. These include missing modalities, differences in modality difficulty, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Dustin Eisenhardt , Yunhee Jeong , Florian Buettner

Gradient Smoothing is an efficient approach to reducing noise in gradient-based model explanation method. SmoothGrad adds Gaussian noise to mitigate much of these noise. However, the crucial hyper-parameter in this method, the variance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Linjiang Zhou , Chao Ma , Zepeng Wang , Libing Wu , Xiaochuan Shi

Data rebalancing techniques, including oversampling and undersampling, are a common approach to addressing the challenges of imbalanced data. To tackle unresolved problems related to both oversampling and undersampling, we propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Karen Medlin , Sven Leyffer , Krishnan Raghavan

Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA) requires integrating language, acoustic, and visual signals without sacrificing modality-specific sentiment evidence. Existing methods mainly improve either shared-private decomposition or cross-modal…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Chunlei Meng , Jiabin Luo , Pengbin Feng , Zhenglin Yan , Chengyin Hu , Zhongxue Gan , Chun Ouyang

This paper presents a novel neural network training approach for faster convergence and better generalization abilities in deep reinforcement learning. Particularly, we focus on the enhancement of training and evaluation performance in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Mohammed Sharafath Abdul Hameed , Gavneet Singh Chadha , Andreas Schwung , Steven X. Ding

Models for Visual Question Answering (VQA) often rely on the spurious correlations, i.e., the language priors, that appear in the biased samples of training set, which make them brittle against the out-of-distribution (OOD) test data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Qingyi Si , Yuanxin Liu , Fandong Meng , Zheng Lin , Peng Fu , Yanan Cao , Weiping Wang , Jie Zhou

Numerous multimodal misinformation benchmarks exhibit bias toward specific modalities, allowing detectors to make predictions based solely on one modality. While previous research has quantified bias at the dataset level or manually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hehai Lin , Hui Liu , Shilei Cao , Jing Li , Haoliang Li , Wenya Wang

Making sense of multiple modalities can yield a more comprehensive description of real-world phenomena. However, learning the co-representation of diverse modalities is still a long-standing endeavor in emerging machine learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Jinzhao Zhou , Yiqun Duan , Zhihong Chen , Yu-Cheng Chang , Chin-Teng Lin

Learning common subspace is prevalent way in cross-modal retrieval to solve the problem of data from different modalities having inconsistent distributions and representations that cannot be directly compared. Previous cross-modal retrieval…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Donghuo Zeng , Jianming Wu , Gen Hattori , Yi Yu , Rong Xu

An adaptive bandwidth selection procedure for the mixture kernel in the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) for fitting generative moment matching networks (GMMNs) is introduced, and its ability to improve the learning of copula random number…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-01 Marius Hofert , Gan Yao

Self-supervised pre-training recently demonstrates success on large-scale multimodal data, and state-of-the-art contrastive learning methods often enforce the feature consistency from cross-modality inputs, such as video/audio or video/text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Junru Wu , Yi Liang , Feng Han , Hassan Akbari , Zhangyang Wang , Cong Yu

Multimodal contrastive learning is a methodology for linking different data modalities; the canonical example is linking image and text data. The methodology is typically framed as the identification of a set of encoders, one for each…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-02 Ricardo Baptista , Andrew M. Stuart , Son Tran

Combining multiple modalities carrying complementary information through multimodal learning (MML) has shown considerable benefits for diagnosing multiple pathologies. However, the robustness of multimodal models to missing modalities is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Hava Chaptoukaev , Vincenzo Marcianó , Francesco Galati , Maria A. Zuluaga

Multi-modal learning has achieved remarkable success by integrating information from various modalities, achieving superior performance in tasks like recognition and retrieval compared to uni-modal approaches. However, real-world scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Xiaohao Liu , Xiaobo Xia , Zhuo Huang , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Metric-based meta-learning techniques have successfully been applied to few-shot classification problems. In this paper, we propose to leverage cross-modal information to enhance metric-based few-shot learning methods. Visual and semantic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Chen Xing , Negar Rostamzadeh , Boris N. Oreshkin , Pedro O. Pinheiro

Multimodal representation learning aims to construct a shared embedding space in which heterogeneous modalities are semantically aligned. Despite strong empirical results, InfoNCE-based objectives introduce inherent conflicts that yield…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Wenzhe Yin , Pan Zhou , Zehao Xiao , Jie Liu , Shujian Yu , Jan-Jakob Sonke , Efstratios Gavves

Multimodal learning for generative models often refers to the learning of abstract concepts from the commonality of information in multiple modalities, such as vision and language. While it has proven effective for learning generalisable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Yuge Shi , Brooks Paige , Philip H. S. Torr , N. Siddharth

Multimodal learning leverages complementary information derived from different modalities, thereby enhancing performance in medical image segmentation. However, prevailing multimodal learning methods heavily rely on extensive well-annotated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Xiaogen Zhou , Yiyou Sun , Min Deng , Winnie Chiu Wing Chu , Qi Dou

Multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) integrates heterogeneous text, audio, and visual signals to infer human emotions. While recent approaches leverage cross-modal complementarity, they often struggle to fully utilize weaker modalities. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kang He , Yuzhe Ding , Xinrong Wang , Fei Li , Chong Teng , Donghong Ji