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MJO and SPV are prominent sources of subseasonal predictability in the Extratropics. With relevance for European weather it has been shown that the joint interaction of MJO and the SPV can modulate the preferred phase of the NAO and the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-05-06 Fabian Mockert , Christian M. Grams , Sebastian Lerch , Julian Quinting

The influence of the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) on the precipitation extremes in Indonesia during the rainy season (October to April) has been evaluated using the daily station rain gauge data and the gridded Asian Precipitation Highly…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 Fadhlil R. Muhammad , Sandro W. Lubis , Sonni Setiawan

Sub-seasonal weather forecasts are becoming increasingly important for a range of socio-economic activities. However, the predictive ability of physical weather models is very limited on these time scales. We propose several post-processing…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-06-29 Nina Horat , Sebastian Lerch

Subseasonal forecasting -- predicting temperature and precipitation 2 to 6 weeks ahead -- is critical for effective water allocation, wildfire management, and drought and flood mitigation. Recent international research efforts have advanced…

Operational weather forecasting models have advanced for decades on both the explicit numerical solvers and the empirical physical parameterization schemes. However, the involved high computational costs and uncertainties in these existing…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-05-13 Mengxuan Chen , Ziqi Yuan , Jinxiao Zhang , Runmin Dong , Haohuan Fu

This study examines the influence of Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) on Indonesian precipitation during the extended boreal summer (May to September). The MJO is one of the dominant intraseasonal variabilities that influence the extreme…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-12-02 Fadhil R. Muhammad , Sandro W. Lubis , Sonni Setiawan

A new model is derived and analyzed for tropical-extratropical interactions involving the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO). The model combines (i) the tropical dynamics of the MJO and equatorial baroclinic waves and (ii) the dynamics of…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2015-10-29 Shengqian Chen , Andrew J. Majda , Samuel N. Stechmann

Accurate long-term forecasting of spatiotemporal dynamics remains a fundamental challenge across scientific and engineering domains. Existing machine learning methods often neglect governing physical laws and fail to quantify inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Qingsong Xu , Jonathan L Bamber , Nils Thuerey , Niklas Boers , Paul Bates , Gustau Camps-Valls , Yilei Shi , Xiao Xiang Zhu

Inspired by the similarity of the atmosphere-ocean physical coupling mechanism, this study innovatively migrates meteorological large-model techniques to the ocean domain, constructing the KunPeng global ocean environmental prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yi Zhao , Jiaqi Li , Haitao Xia , Tianjiao Zhang , Zerong Zeng , Tianyu Ren , Yucheng Zhang , Chao Zhu , Shengtong Xu , Hongchun Yuan

Global Climate Models are key tools for predicting the future response of the climate system to a variety of natural and anthropogenic forcings. Here we show how to use statistical mechanics to construct operators able to flexibly predict…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-11-16 Valerio Lembo , Valerio Lucarini , Francesco Ragone

Coupled spatiotemporal forecasting is important for predicting the future evolution of multiple interacting dynamical systems, such as in climate models. However, existing methods are severely constrained by the persistent bottleneck of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hao Wu , Fan Xu , Yuxu Lu , Penghao Zhao , Fan Zhang , Hao Jia , Yuxuan Liang , Ruijian Gou , Qingsong Wen , Xian Wu , Xiaomeng Huang , Yuan Gao

Machine learning weather models trained on observed atmospheric conditions can outperform conventional physics-based models at short- to medium-range (1-14 day) forecast timescales. Here we take the machine learning weather model ACE2,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Chris Kent , Adam A. Scaife , Nick J. Dunstone , Doug Smith , Steven C. Hardiman , Tom Dunstan , Oliver Watt-Meyer

Machine Learning has become a pervasive tool in climate science applications. However, current models fail to address nonstationarity induced by anthropogenic alterations in greenhouse emissions and do not routinely quantify the uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Simon Dräger , Maike Sonnewald

This paper explores the potential of a hybrid modeling approach that combines machine learning (ML) with conventional physics-based modeling for weather prediction beyond the medium range. It extends the work of Arcomano et al. (2022),…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Dhruvit Patel , Troy Arcomano , Brian Hunt , Istvan Szunyogh , Edward Ott

Key components of the Earth system can undergo abrupt and potentially irreversible transitions when the magnitude or rate of external forcing exceeds critical thresholds. In this study, we use the example of the Atlantic Meridional…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Wenjie Zhang , Yu Huang , Sebastian Bathiany , Yechul Shin , Maya Ben-Yami , Suiping Zhou , Niklas Boers

Precipitation nowcasting (short-term forecasting) is still often performed using numerical solvers for physical equations, which are computationally expensive and make limited use of the large volumes of available weather data. Deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Samuel van Wonderen , Siamak Mehrkanoon

Predictions on subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) timescales--ranging from two weeks to two month--are crucial for early warning systems but remain challenging owing to chaos in the climate system. Teleconnections, such as the stratospheric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Philine L. Bommer , Marlene Kretschmer , Fiona R. Spuler , Kirill Bykov , Marina M. -C. Höhne

We present a significantly-improved data-driven global weather forecasting framework using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to forecast several basic atmospheric variables on a global grid. New developments in this framework…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-10-14 Jonathan A. Weyn , Dale R. Durran , Rich Caruana

Data-driven models, such as FourCastNet (FCN), have shown exemplary performance in high-resolution global weather forecasting. This performance, however, is based on supervision on mesh-gridded weather data without the utilization of raw…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-10-25 Tao Ge , Jaideep Pathak , Akshay Subramaniam , Karthik Kashinath

The midlatitude climate and weather are shaped by storms, yet the factors governing their predictability remain insufficiently understood. Here, we use a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to predict and quantify uncertainty in the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Wuqiushi Yao , Or Hadas , Yohai Kaspi