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Information retrieval (IR) in dynamic data streams is a crucial task, as shifts in data distribution degrade the performance of AI-powered IR systems. To mitigate this issue, memory-based continual learning has been widely adopted for IR.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-13 HuiJeong Son , Hyeongu Kang , Sunho Kim , Subeen Ho , SeongKu Kang , Dongha Lee , Susik Yoon

Large language models (LLMs) have gained significant attention in various fields but prone to hallucination, especially in knowledge-intensive (KI) tasks. To address this, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Xiaoxi Li , Zhicheng Dou , Yujia Zhou , Fangchao Liu

Large language models are typically trained densely: all parameters are updated with respect to all inputs. This requires synchronization of billions of parameters across thousands of GPUs. We introduce a simple but effective method to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Suchin Gururangan , Margaret Li , Mike Lewis , Weijia Shi , Tim Althoff , Noah A. Smith , Luke Zettlemoyer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive progress in natural language processing, but their limited ability to retain long-term context constrains performance on document-level or multi-turn tasks. Retrieval-Augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhangyu Wang , Siyuan Gao , Rong Zhou , Hao Wang , Li Ning

We propose RaDeR, a set of reasoning-based dense retrieval models trained with data derived from mathematical problem solving using large language models (LLMs). Our method leverages retrieval-augmented reasoning trajectories of an LLM and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Debrup Das , Sam O' Nuallain , Razieh Rahimi

Dense retrieval calls for discriminative embeddings to represent the semantic relationship between query and document. It may benefit from the using of large language models (LLMs), given LLMs' strong capability on semantic understanding.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zheng Liu , Chaofan Li , Shitao Xiao , Yingxia Shao , Defu Lian

In this paper, I present our work on DeepRAG, a specialized embedding model we built specifically for Hindi language in RAG systems. While LLMs have gotten really good at generating text, their performance in retrieval tasks still depends…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Nandakishor M

The \textit{de facto} paradigm for applying dense retrieval (DR) to new tasks involves fine-tuning a pre-trained model for a specific task. However, this paradigm has two significant limitations: (1) It is difficult adapt the DR to a new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Zhan Su , Fengran Mo , Jinghan Zhang , Yuchen Hui , Jia Ao Sun , Bingbing Wen , Jian-Yun Nie

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with limited data poses a practical challenge in low-resource languages, specialized domains, and constrained deployment settings. While pre-trained LLMs provide strong foundations, effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Marton Szep , Daniel Rueckert , Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe , Florian Hinterwimmer

Dense retrievers powered by pretrained embeddings are widely used for document retrieval but struggle in specialized domains due to the mismatches between the training and target domain distributions. Domain adaptation typically requires…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Chunsheng Zuo , Daniel Khashabi

Recent advances in dense retrieval techniques have offered the promise of being able not just to re-rank documents using contextualised language models such as BERT, but also to use such models to identify documents from the collection in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Nicola Tonellotto , Craig Macdonald

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to access legal information. Yet, their deployment in multilingual legal settings is constrained by unreliable retrieval and the lack of domain-adapted, open-embedding models. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Narges Baba Ahmadi , Jan Strich , Martin Semmann , Chris Biemann

The increasing demand for domain-specific evaluation of large language models (LLMs) has led to the development of numerous benchmarks. These efforts often adhere to the principle of data scaling, relying on large corpora or extensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Rubing Chen , Jiaxin Wu , Jian Wang , Xulu Zhang , Wenqi Fan , Chenghua Lin , Xiao-Yong Wei , Qing Li

Dense retrieval models are commonly used in Information Retrieval (IR) applications, such as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). Since they often serve as the first step in these systems, their robustness is critical to avoid downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Mohsen Fayyaz , Ali Modarressi , Hinrich Schuetze , Nanyun Peng

Language models (LMs) excel at tasks across diverse domains, yet require substantial computational resources during inference. Compression techniques such as pruning and quantization offer a practical path towards efficient LM deployment,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Miles Williams , George Chrysostomou , Vitor Jeronymo , Nikolaos Aletras

Domain transfer is a prevalent challenge in modern neural Information Retrieval (IR). To overcome this problem, previous research has utilized domain-specific manual annotations and synthetic data produced by consistency filtering to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Haoxiang Shi , Sumio Fujita , Tetsuya Sakai

There has been limited success for dense retrieval models in multilingual retrieval, due to uneven and scarce training data available across multiple languages. Synthetic training data generation is promising (e.g., InPars or Promptagator),…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Nandan Thakur , Jianmo Ni , Gustavo Hernández Ábrego , John Wieting , Jimmy Lin , Daniel Cer

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in a wide range of tasks, yet their application to specialized domains remains challenging due to the need for deep expertise. Retrieval-Augmented generation (RAG) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qinggang Zhang , Shengyuan Chen , Yuanchen Bei , Zheng Yuan , Huachi Zhou , Zijin Hong , Hao Chen , Yilin Xiao , Chuang Zhou , Junnan Dong , Yi Chang , Xiao Huang

This technical report details a novel approach to combining reasoning and retrieval augmented generation (RAG) within a single, lean language model architecture. While existing RAG systems typically rely on large-scale models and external…

Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with external tools is a promising approach to enhance their capabilities, especially for complex tasks. Synthesizing tool-use data through real-world simulations is an effective way to achieve this.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Yirong Zeng , Xiao Ding , Yuxian Wang , Weiwen Liu , Wu Ning , Yutai Hou , Xu Huang , Duyu Tang , Dandan Tu , Bing Qin , Ting Liu