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Recent studies in interpretability have explored the inner workings of transformer models trained on tasks across various domains, often discovering that these networks naturally develop highly structured representations. When such…

Vision foundation models (FMs) achieve state-of-the-art performance in medical imaging. However, they encode information in abstract latent representations that clinicians cannot interrogate or verify. The goal of this study is to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Philipp Wesp , Robbie Holland , Vasiliki Sideri-Lampretsa , Sergios Gatidis

Mechanistic interpretability of large language models (LLMs) aims to uncover the internal processes of information propagation and reasoning. Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have demonstrated promise in this domain by extracting interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Wei Shi , Sihang Li , Tao Liang , Mingyang Wan , Guojun Ma , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He

AI agents are promising for high-stakes enterprise workflows, but dependable deployment remains limited because tool-use failures are difficult to diagnose and control. Agents may skip required tool calls, invoke tools unnecessarily, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Hariom Tatsat , Ariye Shater

This paper describes TSP exact solution of polynomial complexity. It is considered properties of proposed method. Effectiveness of proposed solution is illustrated by outcomes of computer modeling.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Vadim Yatsenko

Interpretability methods have recently gained significant attention, particularly in the context of large language models, enabling insights into linguistic representations, error detection, and model behaviors such as hallucinations and…

Deep neural networks have been well-known for their superb handling of various machine learning and artificial intelligence tasks. However, due to their over-parameterized black-box nature, it is often difficult to understand the prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Xuhong Li , Haoyi Xiong , Xingjian Li , Xuanyu Wu , Xiao Zhang , Ji Liu , Jiang Bian , Dejing Dou

We propose a manager-worker framework based on deep reinforcement learning to tackle a hard yet nontrivial variant of Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), \ie~multiple-vehicle TSP with time window and rejections (mTSPTWR), where customers who…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Rongkai Zhang , Cong Zhang , Zhiguang Cao , Wen Song , Puay Siew Tan , Jie Zhang , Bihan Wen , Justin Dauwels

A central goal in understanding human vision is to uncover the visual features that drive neuronal activity. A growing body of work has used artificial neural networks as encoding models to predict cortical responses to natural images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Idan Daniel Grosbard , Mor Geva , Galit Yovel

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) are an interpretability technique aimed at decomposing neural network activations into interpretable units. However, a major bottleneck for SAE development has been the lack of high-quality performance metrics,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Adam Karvonen , Can Rager , Samuel Marks , Neel Nanda

We present a trajectory optimization algorithm for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) in graphs of convex sets (GCS). Our framework uses an augmented graph of convex sets to encode the TSP specification and solve it exactly as a shortest…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Gael Luna , Tyler Summers

We propose an end-to-end learning framework based on hierarchical reinforcement learning, called H-TSP, for addressing the large-scale Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). The proposed H-TSP constructs a solution of a TSP instance starting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Xuanhao Pan , Yan Jin , Yuandong Ding , Mingxiao Feng , Li Zhao , Lei Song , Jiang Bian

Mechanistic interpretability (MI) is an emerging framework for interpreting neural networks. Given a task and model, MI aims to discover a succinct algorithmic process, an interpretation, that explains the model's decision process on that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Alan Sun , Mariya Toneva

State-of-the-art text simplification (TS) systems adopt end-to-end neural network models to directly generate the simplified version of the input text, and usually function as a blackbox. Moreover, TS is usually treated as an all-purpose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Yu Qiao , Xiaofei Li , Daniel Wiechmann , Elma Kerz

In this work, we introduce Graph Pointer Networks (GPNs) trained using reinforcement learning (RL) for tackling the traveling salesman problem (TSP). GPNs build upon Pointer Networks by introducing a graph embedding layer on the input,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Qiang Ma , Suwen Ge , Danyang He , Darshan Thaker , Iddo Drori

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have emerged as a powerful tool for interpreting large language models (LLMs) by decomposing token activations into combinations of human-understandable features. While SAEs provide crucial insights into LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zhen Xu , Zhen Tan , Song Wang , Kaidi Xu , Tianlong Chen

The goal of this work is to address two limitations in autoencoder-based models: latent space interpretability and compatibility with unstructured meshes. This is accomplished here with the development of a novel graph neural network (GNN)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Shivam Barwey , Varun Shankar , Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan , Romit Maulik

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly trained in complex Reinforcement Learning, multi-agent environments, making it difficult to understand how behavior changes over training. Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have recently shown to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 John Yan , Michael Yu , Yuqi Sun , Alexander Duffy , Tyler Marques , Matthew Lyle Olson

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) are commonly used to interpret the internal activations of large language models (LLMs) by mapping them to human-interpretable concept representations. While existing evaluations of SAEs focus on metrics such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Aaron J. Li , Suraj Srinivas , Usha Bhalla , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Understanding AI systems' inner workings is critical for ensuring value alignment and safety. This review explores mechanistic interpretability: reverse engineering the computational mechanisms and representations learned by neural networks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Leonard Bereska , Efstratios Gavves