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Reinforcement learning has become a powerful paradigm for post-training large language model agents, yet credit assignment in multi-turn environments remains a challenge. Agents often receive sparse, trajectory-level rewards only at the end…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Siyuan Zhu , Chao Yu , Rongxin Yang , Zongkai Liu , Jinjun Hu , Qiwen Chen , Yibo Zhang

Outcome-driven reinforcement learning has advanced reasoning in large language models (LLMs), but prevailing tool-augmented approaches train a single, monolithic policy that interleaves thoughts and tool calls under full context; this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Zhuofeng Li , Haoxiang Zhang , Seungju Han , Sheng Liu , Jianwen Xie , Yu Zhang , Yejin Choi , James Zou , Pan Lu

As single-center computing approaches power constraints, decentralized training becomes essential. However, traditional Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods, crucial for enhancing large model post-training, cannot adapt to decentralized…

Instruction-guided image editing requires balancing target modification with non-target preservation. Recently, flow-based models have emerged as a strong and increasingly adopted backbone for instruction-guided image editing, thanks to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zhuohan Ouyang , Zhe Qian , Wenhuo Cui , Chaoqun Wang

Hyperparameter optimization (HPO) plays a critical role in improving model performance. Transformer-based HPO methods have shown great potential; however, existing approaches rely heavily on large-scale historical optimization trajectories…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Haoxin Guo , Jiawen Pan , Weixin Zhai

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is pivotal for enhancing Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning, yet mainstream algorithms such as GRPO and DAPO remain constrained by a coarse-grained credit assignment paradigm, where all tokens within the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Hongze Tan , Zihan Wang , Jianfei Pan , Jinghao Lin , Hao Wang , Yifan Wu , Tao Chen , Zhihang Zheng , Zhihao Tang , Haihua Yang

A key challenge in applying reinforcement learning (RL) to diffusion large language models (dLLMs) lies in the intractability of their likelihood functions, which are essential for the RL objective, necessitating corresponding approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Nianyi Lin , Jiajie Zhang , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) enables stable and preference-oriented updates via group-wise comparisons for post-training video generation. However, GRPO directly optimizes reward-induced advantages. Under sustained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Rui Li , Yuanzhi Liang , Ziqi Ni , Haibing Huang , Chi Zhang , Xuelong Li

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has been a key driver of recent progress in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) for large language models, but it is typically trained in a low-staleness, near-on-policy regime…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Minghao Tian , Yunfei Xie , Chen Wei

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) effectively scales LLM reasoning but incurs prohibitive computational costs due to its extensive group-based sampling requirement. While recent selective data utilization methods can mitigate this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Haodong Zhu , Yangyang Ren , Yanjing Li , Mingbao Lin , Linlin Yang , Xuhui Liu , Xiantong Zhen , Haiguang Liu , Baochang Zhang

Expressive generative models have advanced robotic manipulation by capturing complex, multi-modal action distributions over temporally extended trajectories. However, fine-tuning these policies via RL remains challenging due to instability…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yuhui Chen , Haoran Li , Zhennan Jiang , Yuxing Qin , Yuxuan Wan , Weiheng Liu , Dongbin Zhao

Applying Reinforcement Learning (RL) to Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) shows significant promise for complex video reasoning. However, popular Reinforcement Fine-Tuning (RFT) methods, such as outcome-based Group Relative Policy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yunxin Li , Xinyu Chen , Zitao Li , Zhenyu Liu , Longyue Wang , Wenhan Luo , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Current post-training methodologies for adapting Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) generally fall into two paradigms: Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning (RL). Despite their prevalence, both approaches suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuming Yan , Kai Tang , Sihong Chen , Ke Xu , Dan Hu , Qun Yu , Pengfei Hu

Diffusion models have recently emerged as expressive policy representations for online reinforcement learning (RL). However, their iterative generative processes introduce substantial training and inference overhead. To overcome this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Xiaoyi Dong , Xi Sheryl Zhang , Jian Cheng

Recently, Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has shown promising potential for aligning text-to-image (T2I) models, yet existing GRPO-based methods suffer from two critical limitations. (1) \textit{Shared credit assignment}:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Qiang Lyu , Zicong Chen , Chongxiao Wang , Haolin Shi , Shibo Gao , Ran Piao , Youwei Zeng , Jianlou Si , Fei Ding , Jing Li , Chun Pong Lau , Weiqiang Wang

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has recently shown strong performance in post-training large language models and vision-language models. It raises a question of whether the GRPO also significantly promotes the test-time adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Yujun Li , Hongyuan Zhang , Yuan Yuan

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is highly effective for post-training autoregressive (AR) language models, yet its direct application to diffusion large language models (dLLMs) often triggers reward collapse. We identify two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jianyuan Zhong , Kaibo Wang , Ding Ding , Zijin Feng , Haoli Bai , Yang Xiang , Jiacheng Sun , Qiang Xu

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a practical route to improve large language model reasoning, and Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is a widely used optimizer in this setting. However, RLVR training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Tue Le , Linh Ngo Van , Trung Le

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have made remarkable progress, current preference optimization methods still struggle to align directional consistency while preserving reasoning diversity. To address this limitation, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Mengyi Deng , Zhiwei Li , Xin Li , Tingyu Zhu , Yulan Yuan , Zhijiang Guo , Wei Wang

Many applications of large language models (LLMs), ranging from chatbots to creative writing, require nuanced subjective judgments that can differ significantly across different groups. Existing alignment algorithms can be expensive to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Siyan Zhao , John Dang , Aditya Grover