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The rapid advancement of vision-language models (VLMs) has established a new paradigm in video anomaly detection (VAD): leveraging VLMs to simultaneously detect anomalies and provide comprehendible explanations for the decisions. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Muchao Ye , Weiyang Liu , Pan He

A well-known dilemma in large vision-language models (e.g., GPT-4, LLaVA) is that while increasing the number of vision tokens generally enhances visual understanding, it also significantly raises memory and computational costs, especially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Shiwei Wu , Joya Chen , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Qimeng Wang , Yan Gao , Qianli Xu , Tong Xu , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen , Mike Zheng Shou

Video anomaly detection (VAD) aims to identify unexpected events in videos and has wide applications in safety-critical domains. While semi-supervised methods trained on only normal samples have gained traction, they often suffer from high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Zongcan Ding , Haodong Zhang , Peng Wu , Guansong Pang , Zhiwei Yang , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Video anomaly detection is a subject of great interest across industrial and academic domains due to its crucial role in computer vision applications. However, the inherent unpredictability of anomalies and the scarcity of anomaly samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Yalong Jiang , Liquan Mao

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) is crucial for applications such as security surveillance and autonomous driving. However, existing VAD methods provide little rationale behind detection, hindering public trust in real-world deployments. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yuchen Yang , Kwonjoon Lee , Behzad Dariush , Yinzhi Cao , Shao-Yuan Lo

Video anomaly understanding (VAU) aims to provide detailed interpretation and semantic comprehension of anomalous events within videos, addressing limitations of traditional methods that focus solely on detecting and localizing anomalies.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Ying Cheng , Yu-Ho Lin , Min-Hung Chen , Fu-En Yang , Shang-Hong Lai

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have spurred growing interest in LLM-based video anomaly detection (VAD). However, existing approaches predominantly focus on video-level anomaly question answering or offline…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Zhiwei Yang , Chen Gao , Jing Liu , Peng Wu , Guansong Pang , Mike Zheng Shou

Video anomaly detection (VAD) remains a challenging task in the pattern recognition community due to the ambiguity and diversity of abnormal events. Existing deep learning-based VAD methods usually leverage proxy tasks to learn the normal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Mengyang Zhao , Yang Liu , Jing Li , Xinhua Zeng

Video anomaly detection (VAD) aims to detect anomalies that deviate from what is expected. In open-world scenarios, the expected events may change as requirements change. For example, not wearing a mask may be considered abnormal during a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zihao Liu , Xiaoyu Wu , Jianqin Wu , Xuxu Wang , Linlin Yang

Automating the detection of anomalous events within long video sequences is challenging due to the ambiguity of how such events are defined. We approach the problem by learning generative models that can identify anomalies in videos using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-16 Jefferson Ryan Medel , Andreas Savakis

Video anomaly detection (VAD) is essential for enhancing safety and security by identifying unusual events across different environments. Existing VAD benchmarks, however, are primarily designed for general-purpose scenarios, neglecting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Xinyi Zhao , Congjing Zhang , Pei Guo , Wei Li , Lin Chen , Chaoyue Zhao , Shuai Huang

Long video understanding requires more than large context windows. It also needs a memory mechanism that decides what visual evidence to retain, keeps it searchable over long horizons, and grounds later reasoning in recoverable observations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Aiden Yiliu Li , Nels Numan , Anthony Steed

Video anomaly detection (VAD) aims to discover behaviors or events deviating from the normality in videos. As a long-standing task in the field of computer vision, VAD has witnessed much good progress. In the era of deep learning, with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Peng Wu , Chengyu Pan , Yuting Yan , Guansong Pang , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) has traditionally been framed as binary classification or outlier detection, providing neither interpretable reasoning nor precise spatial localization of anomalous events. While Vision-Language Models (VLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Sakshi Agarwal , Aishik Konwer , Ankit Parag Shah

Open-world video anomaly detection (OWVAD) aims to detect and explain abnormal events under different anomaly definitions, which is important for applications such as intelligent surveillance and live-streaming content moderation. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Zihao Liu , Xiaoyu Wu , Wenna Li , Jianqin Wu , Linlin Yang

Human action recognition in long-term videos, characterized by complex backgrounds and subtle action differences, poses significant challenges for traditional deep learning models due to computational overhead, difficulty in capturing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Kaining Li , Shuwei He , Zihan Xu

Underwater video monitoring is a promising strategy for assessing marine biodiversity, but the vast volume of uneventful footage makes manual inspection highly impractical. In this work, we explore the use of visual anomaly detection (VAD)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Laura Weihl , Stefan H. Bengtson , Nejc Novak , Malte Pedersen

Open Set Video Anomaly Detection (OpenVAD) aims to identify abnormal events from video data where both known anomalies and novel ones exist in testing. Unsupervised models learned solely from normal videos are applicable to any testing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Yuansheng Zhu , Wentao Bao , Qi Yu

The collection and detection of video anomaly data has long been a challenging problem due to its rare occurrence and spatio-temporal scarcity. Existing video anomaly detection (VAD) methods under perform in open-world scenarios. Key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zunkai Dai , Ke Li , Jiajia Liu , Jie Yang , Yuanyuan Qiao

Video anomaly detection (VAD) focuses on identifying anomalies in videos. Supervised methods demand substantial in-domain training data and fail to deliver clear explanations for anomalies. In contrast, training-free methods leverage the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Wenlong Li , Yifei Xu , Yuan Rao , Zhenhua Wang , Shuiguang Deng