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Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is the bread and butter of Large Language Model (LLM) finetuning. LoRA learns an additive low-rank perturbation, $AB$, of a pretrained matrix parameter $W$ to align the model to a new task or dataset with $W+AB$.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Hai Huang , Randall Balestriero

Training and fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) come with challenges related to memory and computational requirements due to the increasing size of the model weights and the optimizer states. Various techniques have been developed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yehonathan Refael , Jonathan Svirsky , Boris Shustin , Wasim Huleihel , Ofir Lindenbaum

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, enabling unprecedented capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. However, the computational cost and convergence times associated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Kerim Büyükakyüz

As the number of model parameters increases, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become the go-to choice for tailoring pre-trained large language models. Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) uses a low-rank update method to simulate full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yongkang Liu , Xing Li , Mengjie Zhao , Shanru Zhang , Zijing Wang , Qian Li , Shi Feng , Feiliang Ren , Daling Wang , Hinrich Schütze

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely adopted parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method that injects two trainable low-rank matrices (A and B) into frozen pretrained models. While efficient, LoRA constrains updates to a fixed low-rank…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haodong Yang , Lei Wang , Md Zakir Hossain

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is one of the most popular methods among parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods to adapt pre-trained large language models (LLMs) to specific downstream tasks. However, the model trained based on LoRA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yixing Xu , Chao Li , Xuanwu Yin , Spandan Tiwari , Dong Li , Ashish Sirasao , Emad Barsoum

Fine-tuning large-scale pretrained models is prohibitively expensive in terms of computational and memory costs. LoRA, as one of the most popular Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, offers a cost-effective alternative by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Shaowen Wang , Linxi Yu , Jian Li

Low-rank adapters (LoRAs) are a parameter-efficient finetuning technique that injects trainable low-rank matrices into pretrained models to adapt them to new tasks. Mixture-of-LoRAs models expand neural networks efficiently by routing each…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in diverse tasks across different domains, with an increasing focus on improving their zero-shot generalization capabilities for unseen multimodal tasks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Ying Shen , Zhiyang Xu , Qifan Wang , Yu Cheng , Wenpeng Yin , Lifu Huang

The Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have been extensively researched for large language models in downstream tasks. Among all the existing approaches, the Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has gained popularity for its streamlined…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Tangyu Jiang , Haodi Wang , Chun Yuan

Despite recent advancements in the field of medical image analysis with the use of pretrained foundation models, the issue of distribution shifts between cross-source images largely remains adamant. To circumvent that issue, investigators…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Sanjaya Poudel , Nikita Kunwor , Raj Simkhada , Mustafa Munir , Manish Dhakal , Khem Poudel

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), as a representative Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT)method, significantly enhances the training efficiency by updating only a small portion of the weights in Large Language Models (LLMs). Recently,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Xijie Huang , Zechun Liu , Shih-Yang Liu , Kwang-Ting Cheng

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks has made them crucial in the development of AI-based applications. However, the high computational requirements to fine-tune these LLMs on downstream tasks pose significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Raul Singh , Nicolo Brunello , Vincenzo Scotti , Mark James Carman

Recently, the instruction-tuning of large language models is a crucial area of research in the field of natural language processing. Due to resource and cost limitations, several researchers have employed parameter-efficient tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Xianghui Sun , Yunjie Ji , Baochang Ma , Xiangang Li

Finetuned LLMs often exhibit poor uncertainty quantification, manifesting as overconfidence, poor calibration, and unreliable prediction results on test data or out-of-distribution samples. One approach commonly used in vision for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Xi Wang , Laurence Aitchison , Maja Rudolph

The growth of large language models underscores the need for parameter-efficient fine-tuning. Despite its popularity, LoRA encounters storage and computational challenges when deploying multiple task- or user-specific modules. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Klaudia Bałazy , Mohammadreza Banaei , Karl Aberer , Jacek Tabor

Although parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, such as LoRA, only modify a small subset of parameters, they can have a significant impact on the model. Our instruction-tuning experiments show that LoRA-based supervised fine-tuning can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Matthew Riemer , Erik Miehling , Miao Liu , Djallel Bouneffouf , Murray Campbell

Broad, open source availability of large pretrained foundation models on the internet through platforms such as HuggingFace has taken the world of practical deep learning by storm. A classical pipeline for neural network training now…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Albin Soutif--Cormerais , Simone Magistri , Joost van de Weijer , Andew D. Bagdanov

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) and its variants are widely employed in fine-tuning large models, including large language models for natural language processing and diffusion models for computer vision. This paper proposes a generalized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Xiangyu Chen , Jing Liu , Ye Wang , Pu Perry Wang , Matthew Brand , Guanghui Wang , Toshiaki Koike-Akino

This paper introduces Uniform Orthogonal Reinitialization Adaptation (UORA), a novel parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) approach for Large Language Models (LLMs). UORA achieves state-of-the-art performance and parameter efficiency by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xueyan Zhang , Jinman Zhao , Zhifei Yang , Yibo Zhong , Shuhao Guan , Linbo Cao , Yining Wang