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The quintessential model-based reinforcement-learning agent iteratively refines its estimates or prior beliefs about the true underlying model of the environment. Recent empirical successes in model-based reinforcement learning with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Dilip Arumugam , Benjamin Van Roy

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful framework for decision-making in uncertain environments, but it often requires large amounts of data to learn an optimal policy. We address this challenge by incorporating prior model knowledge to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 J. S. van Hulst , W. P. M. H. Heemels , D. J. Antunes

Despite the numerous advances, reinforcement learning remains away from widespread acceptance for autonomous controller design as compared to classical methods due to lack of ability to effectively tackle the reality gap. The reliance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Narendra Patwardhan , Zequn Wang

Efficient allocation is important in nature and human society, where individuals frequently compete for limited resources. The Minority Game (MG) is perhaps the simplest toy model to address this issue. However, most previous solutions…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-04 Guozhong Zheng , Weiran Cai , Guanxiao Qi , Jiqiang Zhang , Li Chen

Offline inverse reinforcement learning (Offline IRL) aims to recover the structure of rewards and environment dynamics that underlie observed actions in a fixed, finite set of demonstrations from an expert agent. Accurate models of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Siliang Zeng , Chenliang Li , Alfredo Garcia , Mingyi Hong

A dataset is confounded if it is most easily solved via a spurious correlation, which fails to generalize to new data. In this work, we show that, in a continual learning setting where confounders may vary in time across tasks, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Florian Peter Busch , Roshni Kamath , Rupert Mitchell , Wolfgang Stammer , Kristian Kersting , Martin Mundt

Learning near-optimal behaviour from an expert's demonstrations typically relies on the assumption that the learner knows the features that the true reward function depends on. In this paper, we study the problem of learning from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-28 Luis Haug , Sebastian Tschiatschek , Adish Singla

Model-based Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) assumes the availability of a model of an environment's underlying transition dynamics. This model can be used to predict future effects of an agent's possible actions. When no such model is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Andreas Sedlmeier , Michael Kölle , Robert Müller , Leo Baudrexel , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Although recent model-free reinforcement learning algorithms have been shown to be capable of mastering complicated decision-making tasks, the sample complexity of these methods has remained a hurdle to utilizing them in many real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Saeed Moazami , Peggy Doerschuk

We study reinforcement learning under model misspecification, where we do not have access to the true environment but only to a reasonably close approximation to it. We address this problem by extending the framework of robust MDPs to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Aurko Roy , Huan Xu , Sebastian Pokutta

Probabilistic classifiers are central for making informed decisions under uncertainty. Based on the maximum expected utility principle, optimal decision rules can be derived using the posterior class probabilities and misclassification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Alexandre Perez-Lebel , Gael Varoquaux , Sanmi Koyejo , Matthieu Doutreligne , Marine Le Morvan

Although Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms have found tremendous success in simulated domains, they often cannot directly be applied to physical systems, especially in cases where there are hard constraints to satisfy (e.g. on safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Harsh Satija , Philip Amortila , Joelle Pineau

Reinforcement learning has been shown to perform a range of complex tasks through interaction with an environment or collected leveraging experience. However, many of these approaches presume optimal or near optimal experiences or the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Chapman Siu , Jason Traish , Richard Yi Da Xu

Despite achieving remarkable performance on many image classification tasks, state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) classifiers remain vulnerable to small input perturbations. Especially, the existence of adversarial examples raises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-06 David Mickisch , Felix Assion , Florens Greßner , Wiebke Günther , Mariele Motta

Continual reinforcement learning (CRL) refers to a naturalistic setting where an agent needs to endlessly evolve, by trial and error, to solve multiple tasks that are presented sequentially. One of the largest obstacles to CRL is that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Zichen Liu , Guoji Fu , Chao Du , Wee Sun Lee , Min Lin

Reinforcement learning has achieved remarkable performance in a wide range of tasks these days. Nevertheless, some unsolved problems limit its applications in real-world control. One of them is model misspecification, a situation where an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Lebin Yu , Jian Wang , Xudong Zhang

Global explanations of a reinforcement learning (RL) agent's expected behavior can make it safer to deploy. However, such explanations are often difficult to understand because of the complicated nature of many RL policies. Effective human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Sanjana Narayanan , Isaac Lage , Finale Doshi-Velez

Having access to a forward model enables the use of planning algorithms such as Monte Carlo Tree Search and Rolling Horizon Evolution. Where a model is unavailable, a natural aim is to learn a model that reflects accurately the dynamics of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Alvaro Ovalle , Simon M. Lucas

We study model-based reinforcement learning in an unknown finite communicating Markov decision process. We propose a simple algorithm that leverages a variance based confidence interval. We show that the proposed algorithm, UCRL-V, achieves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Aristide Tossou , Debabrota Basu , Christos Dimitrakakis

Many real-world physical control systems are required to satisfy constraints upon deployment. Furthermore, real-world systems are often subject to effects such as non-stationarity, wear-and-tear, uncalibrated sensors and so on. Such effects…