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While Italian is a high-resource language, there are few Italian-native benchmarks to evaluate generative Large Language Models (LLMs) in this language. This work presents three new benchmarks: Invalsi MATE to evaluate models performance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Giovanni Puccetti , Maria Cassese , Andrea Esuli

Evaluation of multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) is challenging due to a variety of factors -- the lack of benchmarks with sufficient linguistic diversity, contamination of popular benchmarks into LLM pre-training data and the lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Ishaan Watts , Varun Gumma , Aditya Yadavalli , Vivek Seshadri , Manohar Swaminathan , Sunayana Sitaram

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) relies on extensive text corpora, which are often unevenly distributed across languages. This imbalance results in LLMs performing significantly better on high-resource languages like English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Zihao Li , Yucheng Shi , Zirui Liu , Fan Yang , Ali Payani , Ninghao Liu , Mengnan Du

Evaluating text summarization has been a challenging task in natural language processing (NLP). Automatic metrics which heavily rely on reference summaries are not suitable in many situations, while human evaluation is time-consuming and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Huyen Nguyen , Haihua Chen , Lavanya Pobbathi , Junhua Ding

While automatic metrics drive progress in Machine Translation (MT) and Text Summarization (TS), existing metrics have been developed and validated almost exclusively for English and other high-resource languages. This narrow focus leaves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Amir Hossein Yari , Kalmit Kulkarni , Ahmad Raza Khan , Fajri Koto

While logical reasoning evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has attracted significant attention, existing benchmarks predominantly rely on multiple-choice formats that are vulnerable to random guessing, leading to overestimated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Qin Zhu , Fei Huang , Runyu Peng , Keming Lu , Bowen Yu , Qinyuan Cheng , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang , Junyang Lin

Video-based large language models (Video-LLMs) have been recently introduced, targeting both fundamental improvements in perception and comprehension, and a diverse range of user inquiries. In pursuit of the ultimate goal of achieving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Munan Ning , Bin Zhu , Yujia Xie , Bin Lin , Jiaxi Cui , Lu Yuan , Dongdong Chen , Li Yuan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in handling specialized tasks, including medical problem-solving. However, most studies predominantly focus on English-language contexts. This study introduces a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Łukasz Grzybowski , Jakub Pokrywka , Michał Ciesiółka , Jeremi I. Kaczmarek , Marek Kubis

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful tool in advancing the Text-to-SQL task, significantly outperforming traditional methods.Nevertheless, as a nascent research field, there is still no consensus on the optimal prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Bin Zhang , Yuxiao Ye , Guoqing Du , Xiaoru Hu , Zhishuai Li , Chi Harold Liu , Zhiwei Xu , Guoliang Fan , Rui Zhao , Ziyue Li , Hangyu Mao

The rapid proliferation of benchmarks for evaluating large language models (LLMs) has created an urgent need for systematic methods to assess benchmark quality itself. We propose Benchmark^2, a comprehensive framework comprising three…

Recent progress in Natural Language Processing (NLP) has been driven by the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), which exhibit remarkable generative and reasoning capabilities. However, despite their success, evaluating the true…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Mikel Zubillaga , Naiara Perez , Oscar Sainz , German Rigau

Large language models are powerful but often limited by high computational cost, privacy concerns, and English-centric training. Recent progress demonstrates that small, efficient models with around one billion parameters can deliver strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Anna Aksenova , Boris Zverkov , Nicola Dainese , Alexander Nikitin , Pekka Marttinen

In text processing, deep neural networks mostly use word embeddings as an input. Embeddings have to ensure that relations between words are reflected through distances in a high-dimensional numeric space. To compare the quality of different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Matej Ulčar , Kristiina Vaik , Jessica Lindström , Milda Dailidėnaitė , Marko Robnik-Šikonja

Evaluating the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical yet challenging task, particularly when aiming to avoid subjective assessments. This paper proposes a framework for leveraging subjective metrics derived from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Haoze Du , Richard Li , Edward Gehringer

Recent advancements in the field of natural language generation have facilitated the use of large language models to assess the quality of generated text. Although these models have shown promising results in tasks such as machine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Terry Yue Zhuo

Robust and comprehensive evaluation of large language models (LLMs) is essential for identifying effective LLM system configurations and mitigating risks associated with deploying LLMs in sensitive domains. However, traditional statistical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Adam Dejl , Jonathan Pearson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of general-domain tasks. However, their effectiveness in specialized fields, such as construction, remains underexplored. In this paper, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yanzhao Wu , Lufan Wang , Rui Liu

As evaluation designs of large language models may shape our trajectory toward artificial general intelligence, comprehensive and forward-looking assessment is essential. Existing benchmarks primarily assess static knowledge, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jiayin Wang , Zhiquang Guo , Weizhi Ma , Min Zhang

Logical reasoning consistently plays a fundamental and significant role in the domains of knowledge engineering and artificial intelligence. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a noteworthy innovation in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Fangzhi Xu , Qika Lin , Jiawei Han , Tianzhe Zhao , Jun Liu , Erik Cambria

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across various linguistic tasks. However, it remains uncertain whether LLMs have developed human-like fine-grained grammatical intuition. This preregistered study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhuang Qiu , Xufeng Duan , Zhenguang G. Cai
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