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We study whether state-of-the-art AI coding agents, given the same data and research question, produce the same empirical results. Deploying 150 autonomous Claude Code agents to independently test six hypotheses about market quality trends…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Ruijiang Gao , Steven Chong Xiao

Heterogeneous computing systems provide high performance and energy efficiency. However, to optimally utilize such systems, solutions that distribute the work across host CPUs and accelerating devices are needed. In this paper, we present a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Suejb Memeti , Sabri Pllana

Hypothesis testing in high dimensional data is a notoriously difficult problem without direct access to competing models' likelihood functions. This paper argues that statistical divergences can be used to quantify the difference between…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-08-02 Jeremy J. H. Wilkinson , Christopher G. Lester

We study a setting where a group of agents, each receiving partially informative private signals, seek to collaboratively learn the true underlying state of the world (from a finite set of hypotheses) that generates their joint observation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-09 Aritra Mitra , John A. Richards , Shreyas Sundaram

Information sharing between individuals is crucial to improve performance in collective tasks. However, in a competitive world, individuals may be reluctant to share information with the others, and it is still unclear how the presence of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-04 Ye Wang , Andrea Civilini , Anzhi Sheng , Xiaojie Chen , Long Wang , Vito Latora

In clinical trials studying paired parts of a subject with binary outcomes, it is expected to collect measurements bilaterally. However, there are cases where subjects contribute measurements for only one part. By utilizing combined data,…

Applications · Statistics 2024-03-06 Shuyi Liang , Kai-Tai Fang , Xin-Wei Huang , Yijing Xin , Chang-Xing Ma

Autonomous agents operating in sequential decision-making tasks under uncertainty can benefit from external action suggestions, which provide valuable guidance but inherently vary in reliability. Existing methods for incorporating such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Dylan M. Asmar , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Selective labels are a common feature of consequential decision-making applications, referring to the lack of observed outcomes under one of the possible decisions. This paper reports work in progress on learning decision policies in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Dennis Wei

Analyzing data from multiple sources offers valuable opportunities to improve the estimation efficiency of causal estimands. However, this analysis also poses many challenges due to population heterogeneity and data privacy constraints.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-23 Rong Zhao , Jason Falvey , Xu Shi , Vernon M. Chinchilli , Chixiang Chen

In high-stakes domains like healthcare, users often expect that sharing personal information with machine learning systems will yield tangible benefits, such as more accurate diagnoses and clearer explanations of contributing factors.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Louisa Cornelis , Guillermo Bernárdez , Haewon Jeong , Nina Miolane

We consider adaptive decision-making problems where an agent optimizes a cumulative performance objective by repeatedly choosing among a finite set of options. Compared to the classical prediction-with-expert-advice set-up, we consider…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Michael Muehlebach

Statisticians increasingly face the problem to reconsider the adaptability of classical inference techniques. In particular, divers types of high-dimensional data structures are observed in various research areas; disclosing the boundaries…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-09 Paavo Sattler , Markus Pauly

It is widely acknowledged that the predictive performance of clinical prediction models should be studied in patients that were not part of the data in which the model was derived. Out-of-sample performance can be hampered when predictors…

Analysis of a probabilistic system often requires to learn the joint probability distribution of its random variables. The computation of the exact distribution is usually an exhaustive precise analysis on all executions of the system. To…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Fabrizio Biondi , Yusuke Kawamoto , Axel Legay , Louis-Marie Traonouez

Estimating how a treatment affects units individually, known as heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) estimation, is an essential part of decision-making and policy implementation. The accumulation of large amounts of data in many domains,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Christopher Tran , Elena Zheleva

Treatment effect heterogeneity occurs when individual characteristics influence the effect of a treatment. We propose a novel approach that combines prognostic score matching and conditional inference trees to characterize effect…

This paper studies whether a planner who only has information about the network topology can discriminate among agents according to their network position. The planner proposes a simple menu of contracts, one for each location, in order to…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-01-10 Francis Bloch , Shaden Shabayek

A key challenge in many modern data analysis tasks is that user data are heterogeneous. Different users may possess vastly different numbers of data points. More importantly, it cannot be assumed that all users sample from the same…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Rachel Cummings , Vitaly Feldman , Audra McMillan , Kunal Talwar

It is quite popular nowadays for researchers and data analysts holding different datasets to seek assistance from each other to enhance their modeling performance. We consider a scenario where different learners hold datasets with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-15 Jiawei Zhang , Yuhong Yang , Jie Ding

Understanding the emergence of inequality in complex systems requires attention to both structural dynamics and intrinsic heterogeneity. In the context of opinion dynamics, traditional models relied on static snapshots or assumed…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Akshay Gangadhar , Hiroki Sayama