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Central banks are actively exploring central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) by conducting research, proofs of concept and pilots. However, adoption of a retail CBDC can risk fragmenting both payments markets and retail deposits if the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Lee Braine , Shreepad Shukla , Piyush Agrawal

The People's Bank of China (PBOC) has launched an ambitious project to develop a digital currency for use in domestic, retail transactions, and is, by far, the most advanced globally in this regard. In addition to involving a diverse set of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Geoffrey Goodell , Hazem Danny Al Nakib

This paper explores the coexistence possibilities of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) and blockchain-based cryptocurrencies within a post-quantum computing landscape. It examines the implications of emerging quantum algorithms and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Abraham Itzhak Weinberg , Pythagoras Petratos , Alessio Faccia

Information and communication technologies are by now employed in most human activities, including economics and finance. Modern computers have reached an extraordinary power in terms of information processing, storage, retrieval, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Marco Bernardo , Federico Calandra , Andrea Esposito , Francesco Fabris

This paper examines how household-targeted government policies influence financial market participation conditional on financial literacy, focusing on potential Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) adoption. Due to the lack of empirical…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-23 Maria Elena Filippin

Stablecoins and central bank digital currencies are on the horizon in Asia, and in some cases have already arrived. This paper provides new analysis and a critique of the use case for both forms of digital currency. It provides time-varying…

General Economics · Economics 2022-02-16 Barry Eichengreen , Ganesh Viswanath-Natraj

This paper takes the development of China's Central bank digital currencies as a perspective, theoretically analyses the impact mechanism of the issuance and circulation of Central bank digital currencies on China's monetary policy and…

General Economics · Economics 2023-10-12 Ruimin Song , TIntian Zhao , Chunhui Zhou

Centralized monetary policy, leading to persistent inflation, is often inconsistent, untrustworthy, and unpredictable. Algorithmic stablecoins enabled by blockchain technology are promising in solving this problem. Algorithmic stablecoins…

General Economics · Economics 2022-01-17 Luyao Zhang , Yulin Liu

In macroeconomics, an emerging discussion of alternative monetary systems addresses the dimensions of systemic risk in advanced financial systems. Monetary regime changes with the aim of achieving a more sustainable financial system have…

General Economics · Economics 2023-01-11 Florian Peters , Doris Neuberger , Oliver Reinhardt , Adelinde Uhrmacher

In an age of financial system digitisation and the increasing adoption of digital currencies, Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) have emerged as a focal point for technological innovation. Privacy compliance has become a key factor in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Jeff Nijsse , Andrea Pinto

Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) may assist New Zealand accomplish SDG 8. I aim to evaluate if SDGs could be achieved together because of mutual interactions between SDG 8 and other SDGs. The SDGs are categorized by their shared…

General Economics · Economics 2023-12-06 Qionghua Chu

Inspired by recent ideas on how the analysis of complex financial risks can benefit from analogies with independent research areas, we propose an unorthodox framework for mapping microfinance credit risk---a major obstacle to the…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2018-11-21 Joung-Hun Lee , Marko Jusup , Boris Podobnik , Yoh Iwasa

Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) are proposed as a public response to the uptake of privately run digital payments, with the digital euro, under development by the European Central Bank (ECB), serving as a prominent example. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Judith Senn , Aljosha Judmayer , Nicholas Stifter , Rainer Böhme

The European Central Bank is preparing for the potential issuance of a central bank digital currency (CBDC), called the digital euro. A recent regulatory proposal by the European Commission defines several requirements for the digital euro,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Carolin Beer , Sheila Zingg , Kari Kostiainen , Karl Wüst , Vedran Capkun , Srdjan Capkun

This research aims to provide a framework to assess the contribution of digital currencies to promote financial inclusion, based on a diagnosis of the landscape of financial inclusion and domestic and cross-border payments in Latin America…

General Economics · Economics 2024-01-19 Gabriel Bizama , Alexander Wu , Bernardo Paniagua , Max Mitre

Financial system being the place of metting capital flows (equality between saving and investment), a volatility of capital flows can destroy the robustness and good working of financial system, it means subvert financial stability. The…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2017-08-28 Christian Pinshi

Tokenised money encompasses a broad range of digital monetary instruments issued on distributed ledger technology, including Central Bank Digital Currencys (CBDCs), deposit tokens, stablecoins, and decentralised protocol-based designs.…

General Economics · Economics 2026-01-14 Thomas Ankenbrand , Denis Bieri , Stefano Ferrazzini , Johannes Hoehener

Digital payments traditionally rely on online communications with several intermediaries such as banks, payment networks, and payment processors in order to authorize and process payment transactions. While these communication networks are…

We argue that a negative interest rate policy (NIRP) can be an effect tool for macroeconomic stabilization. We first discuss how implementing negative rates on reserves held at a central bank does not pose any theoretical difficulty, with a…

General Economics · Economics 2018-08-27 Matheus R. Grasselli , Alexander Lipton

A major drawback in deploying central bank digital currencies (CDBC) is the offline puzzle, which requires that a CBDC must keep the provision given by cash, and, simultaneously, avoid double-spending, counterfeiting, and other issues. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Henrique de Carvalho Videira