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Reinforcement learning (RL) agent development traditionally requires substantial expertise and iterative effort, often leading to high failure rates and limited accessibility. This paper introduces Agent$^2$, an LLM-driven…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yuan Wei , Xiaohan Shan , Ran Miao , Jianmin Li

Agent-based models (ABMs) offer a powerful framework for understanding complex systems. However, their computational demands often become a significant barrier as the number of agents and complexity of the simulation increase. Traditional…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Steffen Fürst , Tim Conrad , Carlo Jaeger , Sarah Wolf

AI models underpin modern intelligent systems, driving advances across science, medicine, finance, and technology. Yet developing high-performing AI models remains a labor-intensive process that requires expert practitioners to iteratively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Ruiyi Zhang , Peijia Qin , Qi Cao , Li Zhang , Pengtao Xie

This paper introduces FieldWorkArena, a benchmark for agentic AI targeting real-world field work. With the recent increase in demand for agentic AI, they are built to detect and document safety hazards, procedural violations, and other…

Architecture evaluation methods have long been used to evaluate software designs. Several evaluation methods have been proposed and used to analyze tradeoffs between different quality attributes. Having competing qualities leads to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Rafael Capilla , J. Andrés Díaz-Pace , Yamid Ramírez , Jennifer Pérez , Vanessa Rodríguez-Horcajo

Agent based modelling is a simulation method in which autonomous agents interact with their environment and one another, given a predefined set of rules. It is an integral method for modelling and simulating complex systems, such as…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-01-10 George Datseris , Ali R. Vahdati , Timothy C. DuBois

Building LLM-based agents has become increasingly important. Recent works on LLM-based agent self-evolution primarily record successful experiences as textual prompts or reflections, which cannot reliably guarantee efficient task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zhang Zhang , Shuqi Lu , Hongjin Qian , Di He , Zheng Liu

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents, often trained with Reinforcement Learning (RL), are constrained by a dependency on human-curated data, limiting scalability and tethering AI to human knowledge. Existing self-evolution frameworks offer an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Peng Xia , Kaide Zeng , Jiaqi Liu , Can Qin , Fang Wu , Yiyang Zhou , Caiming Xiong , Huaxiu Yao

Contemporary evaluation techniques are inadequate for agentic systems. These approaches either focus exclusively on final outcomes -- ignoring the step-by-step nature of agentic systems, or require excessive manual labour. To address this,…

Agent evaluation requires assessing complex multi-step behaviors involving tool use and intermediate reasoning, making it costly and expertise-intensive. A natural question arises: can frontier coding assistants reliably automate this…

Autonomous agent frameworks built upon large language models (LLMs) are evolving into complex, tool-integrated, and continuously operating systems, introducing security risks beyond traditional prompt-level vulnerabilities. As this paradigm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Luyao Xu , Xiang Chen

Advanced agentic intelligence is a prerequisite for deploying Large Language Models in practical, real-world applications. Diverse real-world APIs demand precise, robust function-calling intelligence, which needs agents to develop these…

Recent progress in large language model (LLM) agents has largely focused on embedding self-improvement mechanisms inside the agent or searching over many concurrent variants. While these approaches can raise aggregate scores, they often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Di Zhang

Across many domains (e.g., IoT, observability, telecommunications, cybersecurity), there is an emerging adoption of conversational data analysis agents that enable users to "talk to your data" to extract insights. Such data analysis agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Aadyaa Maddi , Prakhar Naval , Deepti Mande , Shane Duan , Muckai Girish , Vyas Sekar

Despite the utility of Large Language Models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks and scenarios, developing a method for reliably evaluating LLMs across varied contexts continues to be challenging. Modern evaluation approaches often use LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Steffi Chern , Ethan Chern , Graham Neubig , Pengfei Liu

Research and practice in Intelligent Design (ID) have significantly enhanced engineering innovation, efficiency, quality, and productivity over recent decades, fundamentally reshaping how engineering designers think, behave, and interact…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shuo Jiang , Min Xie , Frank Youhua Chen , Jian Ma , Jianxi Luo

We present Agent-Diff, a novel benchmarking framework for evaluating agentic Large Language Models (LLMs) on real-world productivity software API tasks via code execution. Agentic LLM performance varies due to differences in models,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Hubert M. Pysklo , Artem Zhuravel , Patrick D. Watson

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) serves as the cornerstone of modern engineering design. However, its workflow is inherently complex and relies heavily on domain expertise. Although recent efforts have integrated Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jiachen Zhang , Junyi Lao , Chenghao Liu , Siyuan Liu , Shixin Wu , Linsen Zhang , Boyu Wang , Songfang Huang

The advancement of large language model (LLM) based agents has shifted AI evaluation from single-turn response assessment to multi-step task completion in interactive environments. We present an empirical study evaluating frontier AI models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Logan Ritchie , Sushant Mehta , Nick Heiner , Mason Yu , Edwin Chen

We introduce a comprehensive validation framework for LLM-based agentic systems that provides systematic diagnosis and improvement of reliability failures. The framework includes fifteen failure-detection tools and two root-cause analysis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Hadar Mulian , Sergey Zeltyn , Ido Levy , Liane Galanti , Avi Yaeli , Segev Shlomov