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The network structure offers in principle the possibility for novel forms of quantum nonlocal correlations, that are proper to networks and cannot be traced back to standard quantum Bell nonlocality. Here we define a notion of genuine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Ivan Šupić , Jean-Daniel Bancal , Yu Cai , Nicolas Brunner

Bell inequalities may only be derived, if hidden variables do not depend on the experimental settings. The stochastic independence of hidden and setting variables is called: freedom of choice, free will, measurement independence or no…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-01 Marian Kupczynski

Device-independent quantum key distribution aims to provide key distribution schemes whose security is based on the laws of quantum physics but which does not require any assumptions about the internal working of the quantum devices used in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-18 Lluis Masanes , Stefano Pironio , Antonio Acin

Quantum correlation between nodes in a network which consist of several independent sources of entanglement and in multipartite entanglement systems are important for general understanding of the nature of nonlocality, quantum information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-25 E. Håkansson , A. Piveteau , S. Muhammad , M. Bourennane

Random numbers represent an indispensable resource for many applications. A recent remarkable result is the realization that non-locality in quantum mechanics can be used to certify genuine randomness through Bell's theorem, producing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-28 D. -L. Deng , C. Zu , X. -Y. Chang , P. -Y. Hou , H. -X. Yang , Y. -X. Wang , L. -M. Duan

Networks have advanced the study of nonlocality beyond Bell's theorem. Here, we introduce the concept of full network nonlocality, which describes correlations that necessitate all links in a network to distribute nonlocal resources.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-28 Alejandro Pozas-Kerstjens , Nicolas Gisin , Armin Tavakoli

Certifying quantum properties with minimal assumptions is a fundamental problem in quantum information science. Self-testing is a method to infer the underlying physics of a quantum experiment only from the measured statistics. While all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Ivan Šupić , Joseph Bowles , Marc-Olivier Renou , Antonio Acín , Matty J. Hoban

Certification of quantum devices received from unknown providers is a primary requirement before utilizing the devices for any information processing task. Here, we establish a protocol for certification of a particular set of $d$-outcome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Debarshi Das , Ananda G. Maity , Debashis Saha , A. S. Majumdar

Randomness is a vital resource for modern day information processing, especially for cryptography. A wide range of applications critically rely on abundant, high quality random numbers generated securely. Here we show how to expand a random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-02 Carl A. Miller , Yaoyun Shi

Bell nonlocality as a resource for device independent certification schemes has been studied extensively in recent years. The strongest form of device independent certification is referred to as self-testing, which given a device certifies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 Shubhayan Sarkar , Debashis Saha , Jędrzej Kaniewski , Remigiusz Augusiak

Randomized experiments have become a cornerstone of evidence-based decision-making in contexts ranging from online platforms to public health. However, in experimental settings with network interference, a unit's treatment can influence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Sadegh Shirani , Yuwei Luo , William Overman , Ruoxuan Xiong , Mohsen Bayati

Self-testing has been established as a major approach for quantum device certification based on experimental statistics under minimal assumptions. However, despite more than 20 years of research effort most of the self-testing protocols are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-05 Harshank Shrotriya , Leong-Chuan Kwek , Kishor Bharti

The question of whether complex numbers play a fundamental role in quantum theory has been debated since the inception of quantum mechanics. Recently, a feasible proposal to differentiate between real and complex quantum theories based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-12 Jian Yao , Hu Chen , Ya-Li Mao , Zheng-Da Li , Jingyun Fan

With the growing availability of experimental loophole-free Bell tests, it has become possible to implement a new class of device-independent random number generators whose output can be certified to be uniformly random without requiring a…

Recent advances in probabilistic modelling have led to a large number of simulation-based inference algorithms which do not require numerical evaluation of likelihoods. However, a public benchmark with appropriate performance metrics for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-12 Jan-Matthis Lueckmann , Jan Boelts , David S. Greenberg , Pedro J. Gonçalves , Jakob H. Macke

The violation of Bell inequality not only provides the most radical departure of quantum theory from classical concepts, but also paves the way of applications in such as device independent randomness certification. Here, we derive the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-24 Youwang Xiao , Xinhui Li , Jing Wang , Ming Li , Shao-Ming Fei

Despite the exploding interest in graph neural networks there has been little effort to verify and improve their robustness. This is even more alarming given recent findings showing that they are extremely vulnerable to adversarial attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Aleksandar Bojchevski , Stephan Günnemann

In this paper, we introduce intrinsic non-locality as a quantifier for Bell non-locality, and we prove that it satisfies certain desirable properties such as faithfulness, convexity, and monotonicity under local operations and shared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-02 Eneet Kaur , Mark M. Wilde , Andreas Winter

Determining whether an observed distribution of events generated in a quantum network is Bell local, i.e., if it admits an alternative realization in terms of independent local variables, is extremely challenging. Building upon…

A device-independent randomness expansion protocol aims to take an initial random seed and generate a longer one without relying on details of how the devices operate for security. A large amount of work to date has focussed on a particular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-08 Peter J. Brown , Sammy Ragy , Roger Colbeck